Analysis of perinatal risk factors for massive pulmonary hemorrhage in very low birth weight infant: A nationwide large cohort database.

Objective: To determine perinatal risk factors for Massive pulmonary hemorrhage (MPH) and MPH-caused mortality to guide clinicians in implementing preventive measures at the beginning of life for improving the survival of very low birth weight infant (VLBWIs).

Study Design: A total of 13,826 VLBWIs born between 2013 and 2020 in the Korean Neonatal Network database were included.

Results: MPH occurred in 870 (6.

Particulate matter induces arrhythmia-like cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by altering the expression levels of cardiac development- and ion channel-related genes.

Air pollution is a risk factor that increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this study, we investigated the cardiotoxicity of particulate matter (PM) exposure using a zebrafish embryo model. We found that PM exposure induced cardiotoxicity, such as arrhythmia, during cardiac development.

The Effect of Maternal Exposure to Air Pollutants and Heavy Metals during Pregnancy on the Risk of Neurological Disorders Using the National Health Insurance Claims Data of South Korea.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of high levels of maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and heavy metals on risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy using the National Health Insurance claims data of South Korea. The data of mothers and their newborns from 2016 to 2018 provided by the National Health Insurance Service were used ( = 843,134). Data on exposure to ambient air pollutants (PM2.

Association of delayed initiation of non-invasive respiratory support with pulmonary air leakage in outborn late-preterm and term neonates.

Unlabelled: The frequency of non-invasive respiratory support use has increased in neonates of all gestational ages with respiratory distress (RD). However, the impact of delayed initiation of non-invasive respiratory support in outborn neonates remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the impact of the delayed initiation of non-invasive respiratory support in outborn, late-preterm, and term neonates.

Size of Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Echocardiographic Markers of Shunt Volume in Preterm Infants Based on Postnatal Age.

This study was conducted in order to compare the strength of correlation between echocardiographic markers of shunt volume and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) diameter based on postnatal age. This retrospective study focused on preterm infants (aged <32 weeks of gestation) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Korea University Ansan Hospital, between April 2014 and December 2017, who studied serial targeted neonatal echocardiography (TNE) for PDA during hospitalization. The association between echocardiographic characteristics and duct size was divided into the following days: within 3 days (very early, VE), 4-7 days after birth (early, E), and after 8 days of birth (late, L).

The effect of alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) genetic polymorphisms on the depth of sedation of dexmedetomidine: a genetic observational pilot study.

Background: The genetic polymorphisms of the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A), which plays a significant role in sedation, anxiety relief, and antinociception, particularly in dexmedetomidine, may differ in the degree of sedation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the genetic polymorphisms of ADRA2A (rs11195418, rs1800544, rs2484516, rs1800545, rs553668, rs3750625) on the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine.

Methods: A total of 131 patients aged 50 years or more from May 2018 to August 2019 were included in this study.

Perinatal Outcomes Associated with Latency in Late Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes.

This study aims to evaluate the perinatal outcomes of preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) with latency periods at 33 + 0-36 + 6 weeks of gestation. This retrospective case-control study included women with singleton pregnancies who delivered at 33 + 0-36 + 6 weeks at Korea University Ansan Hospital in South Korea between 2006-2019. The maternal and neonatal characteristics were compared between different latency periods (expectant delivery ≥72 h vs.

Liver Transplant Patients with High Levels of Preoperative Serum Ammonia Are at Increased Risk for Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Study.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most frequent postoperative complications after liver transplantation (LT). Increased serum ammonia levels due to the liver disease itself may affect postoperative renal function. This study aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative AKI according to preoperative serum ammonia levels in patients after LT.

Liver Transplant Patients with High Preoperative Serum Bilirubin Levels Are at Increased Risk of Postoperative Delirium: A Retrospective Study.

Postoperative delirium is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT). A high model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score is an independent risk factor for postoperative delirium, but it is unclear which of the components of this score are risk indicators. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium according to the preoperative serum bilirubin level, a component of the MELD score, in patients who underwent LT.

Effectiveness of nCPAP for moderate preterm infants compared to BiPAP: A Randomized, Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial.

Background: Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) has recently been used in preterm infants with respiratory distress as an alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) because, theoretically, BiPAP is thought to be more effective than nCPAP. However, the results of some studies comparing nCPAP with BiPAP as the initial respiratory support were controversial. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of nCPAP with BiPAP at gestational ages of 30 to 34  weeks.

Analysis of the association between necrotizing enterocolitis and transfusion of red blood cell in very low birth weight preterm infants.

Purpose: To investigate the association between necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and red blood cell transfusions in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.

Methods: We studied were 180 VLBW preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of CHA Gangnam Hospital from January of 2006 to December of 2009. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: an NEC group (greater than stage II on the modified Bell's criteria) and a control group (less than stage II on the modified Bell's critieria).

Early neurodevelopment in very low birth weight infants with mild intraventricular hemorrhage or those without intraventricular hemorrhage.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess early development in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with mild intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or those without IVH and to identify the perinatal morbidities affecting early neurodevelopmental outcome.

Methods: Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II was used for assessing neurological development in 49 infants with a birth weight <1,500 g and with low grade IVH (≤grade II) or those without IVH at a corrected age of 12 months.

Results: Among the 49 infants, 19 infants (38.

Can early B-type natriuretic peptide assays predict symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants?

Background: Earlier and more accurate identification of a high-risk group of preterm infants that are likely to develop a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) would allow specific targeting of early treatment and thus possibly minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with a PDA in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Objective: To investigate the predictability of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for early targeted treatment of hsPDA in ELBW infants.

Methods: 73 ELBW infants that underwent echocardiographic evaluation and plasma BNP measurement after birth were enrolled.

Prognostic factors for treatment outcomes in transient tachypnea of the newborn.

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a clinical syndrome associated with respiratory distress usually seen shortly after delivery in infants. This study aims to determine the risk factors predicting treatment outcomes in infants with TTN.

Methods: Data from 236 infants diagnosed with TTN during the study period were evaluated retrospectively.