Gemini ionic liquid-based surfactants: efficient synthesis, surface activity, and use as inducers for the fabrication of CuO nanoparticles.

Discovery of green and novel synthetic routes for nanoparticles (NPs) has drawn a lot of interest due to the distinct nano size and unusual features as well as applications of such particles. Ionic liquid-based surfactants (ILBSs) and gemini ionic liquid-based surfactants (GILBSs) have become some of the best choices to be used as inducers or dispersing agents for the fabrication of nanoparticles. This work involves the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and surface property evaluation of three novel GILBSs (4a-c), which incorporate the imidazolium cation as the polar head with an ethylene spacer.