Evaluating the evening carbohydrate dilemma: the effect of within-the-day carbohydrate periodization on body composition and physical fitness.

Purpose: To assess the effects of carbohydrate timing and type on body composition and physical fitness.

Methods: Forty-two healthy, trained male volunteers underwent a four-week intervention, randomly divided into three groups: (i) Sleep Low-No Carbohydrates (SL-NCHO): consuming all carbohydrate intake at regular intervals prior to evening training, (ii) Sleep High-Low Glycemic Index (SH-LGI), and (iii) Sleep High-High Glycemic Index (SH-HGI). In both SH-LGI and SH-HGI, carbohydrates were distributed throughout the day, both pre-(60% of total intake) and post-evening training (40% of total intake).

The Collaborative Outcome Study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT): Results from Cyprus.

Many studies have shown that COVID-19 caused many problems in mental health. This paper presents the results of the Cyprus sample, part of the global initiative named "The Collaborative Outcomes Study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times" (COH-FIT). The study took place from April 2019 to January 2022, using the Greek version of the online standard COH-FIT questionnaire on 917 Cypriot adults.

Survival of Vaccine-Induced Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and SIgA Immunoglobulins across Simulated Human Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion.

Breastfeeding can be a vital way of acquiring passive immunity via the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the breastfeeding infant. Recent evidence points to the fact that human milk contains immunoglobulins (Ig) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, either after natural infection or vaccination, but whether these antibodies can resist enzymatic degradation during digestion in the infant gastrointestinal (GI) tract or indeed protect the consumers remains inconclusive. Herein, we evaluated the levels of IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in 43 lactating mothers who received at least two doses of either an mRNA-based vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna; n = 34) or an adenovirus-based vaccine (AstraZeneca; n = 9).

A functional variant in NEPH3 gene confers high risk of renal failure in primary hematuric glomerulopathies. Evidence for predisposition to microalbuminuria in the general population.

Background: Recent data emphasize that thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) should not be viewed as a form of benign familial hematuria since chronic renal failure (CRF) and even end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a possible development for a subset of patients on long-term follow-up, through the onset of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We hypothesize that genetic modifiers may explain this variability of symptoms.

Methods: We looked in silico for potentially deleterious functional SNPs, using very strict criteria, in all the genes significantly expressed in the slit diaphragm (SD).

Assessing the potential of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products to cause mutagenic effects: Implications for gene expression profiling.

The selection and prioritization of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products for evaluating effects on the environment and human health is a challenging task. One common approach is based on compounds (e.g.

A schematic workflow for collecting information about the interaction between copy number variants and microRNAs using existing resources.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and copy number variations (CNVs) are two extensively studied genomic components in the field of modern biology-as they have been found to be associated with many disorders such as cancer, Alzheimer, pancreatitis, HIV susceptibility, beta-thalassemia, and glomerulonephritis. Several studies suggested that an alteration in CNV-miRNA interaction could result in some human diseases such as cancer. Therefore, the possible miRNA-binding site information within the CNV genes opens new avenues in understanding such disorders.

Evidence for activation of the unfolded protein response in collagen IV nephropathies.

Thin-basement-membrane nephropathy (TBMN) and Alport syndrome (AS) are progressive collagen IV nephropathies caused by mutations in COL4A3/A4/A5 genes. These nephropathies invariably present with microscopic hematuria and frequently progress to proteinuria and CKD or ESRD during long-term follow-up. Nonetheless, the exact molecular mechanisms by which these mutations exert their deleterious effects on the glomerulus remain elusive.

Increased number of microRNA target sites in genes encoded in CNV regions. Evidence for an evolutionary genomic interaction.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and copy number variations (CNVs) are two newly discovered genetic elements that have revolutionized the field of molecular biology and genetics. By performing in silico whole genome analysis, we demonstrate that both the number of miRNAs that target genes found in CNV regions as well as the number of miRNA-binding sites are significantly higher than those of genes found in non-CNV regions. This suggests that miRNAs may have acted as equilibrators of gene expression during evolution in an attempt to regulate aberrant gene expression and to increase the tolerance to genome plasticity.

The GDP exchange factor AND-34 is expressed in B cells, associates with HEF1, and activates Cdc42.

AND-34, a novel GDP exchange factor, is expressed constitutively at significant levels in murine splenic B cells, but not in murine splenic T cells or thymocytes. In B cell lines, anti-IgM treatment up-regulates AND-34 transcript levels. B cell AND-34 associates with both the docking molecules p130Cas and HEF1.