Does adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer favorably impact dosimetric, clinical, and toxicity outcomes?: A review.

Purpose: The current review aims to summarize the international experience of the impact of adaptive radiotherapy on dosimetry and clinical and toxicity outcomes. Additionally, it might trigger Radiation Oncologists to use ART and evaluate whether ART improves target volume coverage and/or normal tissue sparing and, consequently, therapeutic results.

Materials And Methods: We conducted an electronic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect from January 2007 to January 2023.

Vaginal dilator use to promote sexual wellbeing after radiotherapy in gynecological cancer survivors.

This study investigated the efficacy of a vaginal dilator (VD) for the treatment of radiation-induced vaginal stenosis (VS) and the effect of a VD on sexual quality of life.Fifty three patients with endometrial or cervical cancers participated in this prospective observational study. All participants were treated with radical or adjuvant external beam radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy.

Is Locally Advanced Head-Neck Cancer One More Candidate for Accelerated Hypofractionation?

Background/aim: Hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HypoAR) is widely applied for the treatment of early laryngeal cancer. Its role in locally advanced head-neck cancer (LA-HNC) is unexplored.

Patients And Methods: We present results of a prospective trial on 124 patients with LA-HNC, treated with radio-chemotherapy with three different HypoAR fractionations (3.

Modern radiopharmaceuticals for lung cancer imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan: A systematic review.

Introduction: In this study, we evaluated the use and the contribution of radiopharmaceuticals to the field of lung neoplasms imaging using positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Methods: We conducted review of the current literature at PubMed/MEDLINE until February 2020. The search language was English.

Acute Leriche Syndrome in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report.

Introduction: Coexistance of pancreatic carcinoma and Leriche syndrome is an extremely rare pathological condition. Leriche syndrome is defined as occlusion of the distal aorta at the bifurcation into the common iliac arteries.

Case Report: We report the case of a 57-year old male patient with a locally advanced pancreatic tumor that during chemotherapy presented Leriche syndrome.

Differential Diagnosis of Behavioral Variant and Semantic Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia Using Visual Rating Scales.

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) represents the second most frequent early onset of dementia in people younger than 65 years. The main syndromes encompassed by the term FTD are behavioral variant of Frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and semantic variant (SD).

Aims: To assess the bvFTD and SD, which represent the most common subtypes of FTD, using visual rating scales.

Evaluation of the Irradiated Volume of the Heart and Cardiac Substructures After Left Breast Radiotherapy.

Unlabelled: Backround/Aim: Adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with cancer of the left breast may lead to impaired cardiac function. The aim of our prospective study is to evaluate (i) doses to the irradiated volume of the heart and its substructures and (ii) determine whether their correlation with changes in strain echo measurements contribute to the prediction of subclinical heart morbidity.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-five patients were enrolled in our study.

Evaluation of quality of life outcomes following palliative radiotherapy in bone metastases: A literature review.

Purpose: To assess the quality of life (QoL) following palliative radiotherapy (RT) in patients with painful bone metastases.

Methods: A literature search limited to English-written publications was carried out, through the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (November 2018), OvidSP and PubMedCentral (1940-November 2018) databases. Subject headings and keywords included "quality of life"(QoL), "bone metastases", "palliative therapy", "pain" and "radiotherapy".

Benign Intracranial Lesions - Radiotherapy: An Overview of Treatment Options, Indications and Therapeutic Results.

Background: Radiation Therapy (RT) is an established treatment option for benign intracranial lesions. The aim of this study is to display an update on the role of RT concerning the most frequent benign brain lesions and tumors.

Methods: Published articles about RT and meningiomas, Vestibular Schwannomas (VSs), Pituitary Adenomas (PAs), Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) and craniopharyngiomas were reviewed and extracted data were used.

Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia among urology patients who underwent transurethral resection with either TURis or transurethral resection of the prostate method.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the incidence of perioperative hypothermia in urology patients undergoing transurethral resection with either TURis or transurethral resection of the prostate method and to recognize the risk factors that were responsible for the occurrence of hypothermia intraoperatively in these patients.

Methods: It was a randomized prospective study. A total of 168 patients, according to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III, were scheduled for transurethral resection either with TURis or transurethral resection of the prostate method.

Clinical value of significance of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α, Glucose Transporter-1 and Carbonic Anhydrase IX in rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: The standard treatment of rectal cancer is surgery along with preoperative radiotherapy, administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (preCRT) is widely used as it allows better local control and the use of sphincter-saving surgery. Pathological response after preCRT has been shown to be a significant prognostic factor of rectal cancer recurrence and survival.

Percutaneous computed tomography-guided localization of pulmonary nodules with hook wire prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided localization of suspicious intrapulmonary nodules with hook wire prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).

Methods: From April 2010 to February 2011, 15 patients with suspicious subpleural pulmonary nodules underwent preoperative CT-guided hook wire localization of the lesions, prior to VATS.

Results: Histological analysis of the resected suspicious pulmonary nodules revealed malignancy in 12 cases, 2 cases with granulomas and 1 case with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP).

Immunotherapy of Cancer: Developments and Reference Points, an Unorthodox Approach.

Oncology is currently a sector of medical science with accelerated progress due to rapid technological development, the advancement in molecular biology, and the invention of many innovative therapies. Immunotherapy partially accounts for this advance, since it is increasingly playing an important role in the treatment of cancer patients, bringing on a sense of hope and optimism through a series of clinical studies and cases with spectacular results. Immunotherapy, after the initial successes it experienced in the early 20th century, was forgotten after chemotherapy and radiotherapy prevailed and developed slowly in the background.

A five split-field three dimensional conformal technique versus an anterior-posterior on in postoperative radiotherapy for gastric carcinoma: a multicenter comparative study using quality of life measurements as well as clinical and dosimetric parameters.

Purpose: Several adjuvant approaches are regarded as available options in the management of localized, resectable gastric cancer .The objective of our study was to evaluate multiple field and anteroposterior conformal technique.

Methods: Ninety-seven patients received three dimensional conformal (3DCRT) postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy for gastric carcinoma.

Systemic therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Review of the current literature.

Introduction:: Renal cell carcinoma represents a neoplasm with usually aggressive behavior. Due to its nature, it is often diagnosed in an advanced stage or when metastatic dissemination has been occurred. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and briefly discuss the potential new therapeutic strategies for this disease.

Utilizing Yoga in Oncologic Patients Treated with Radiotherapy: Review.

Purpose: Several trials on noncancer population indicate that yoga is associated with meaningful clinical effects. This study evaluated the physical and psychosocial outcomes of yoga in oncologic patients treated with radiotherapy.

Methods: We focused on a research through Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), BioMed Central, and MEDLINE studies up to May 2017.

Estimating the agreement between the metabolic rate calculated from prediction equations and from a portable indirect calorimetry device: an effort to develop a new equation for predicting resting metabolic rate.

Background: Many studies have been performed over time in order to determine the reliability of metabolic rate prediction equations.

Purpose: To evaluate the agreement, in terms of bias, absolute bias and accuracy between metabolic rate prediction equations and measured metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry system (IC), investigating also the factors affecting this agreement.

Methods: The anthropometric features of 383 Caucasian participants of all Body Mass Index (BMI) classes were recorded and Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) was measured by using the IC Fitmate portable device.

Advances on systemic treatment for lung neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Lung well-to-moderately differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (also known as carcinoids) and large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor) are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms, which account for less than 4% of all lung neoplasms. Due to their low incidence, their systemic treatment is greatly influenced by therapeutic evidence derived from the more frequent gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and/or small cell lung carcinoma leading to significant bias. Currently, employed systemic therapies for lung carcinoids, aiming at controlling tumor growth include long acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs), peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy.

Advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC): new challenges and new expectations.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies and a major health riddle. The therapeutic options are limited. The combination of etoposide or irinotecan with platinum chemotherapy is the standard of care at any stage.

Health-related quality of life of young women with breast cancer. Review of the literature.

Purpose: The purpose of the present article was to investigate the health related quality of life (QoL) of young women with breast cancer.

Methods: For the purposes of this article, we reviewed the literature via the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Key words used were breast cancer, young women, health related quality of life, and quality of life.

An Exploratory Study of Radiation Dermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients.

Background/aim: Radiation dermatitis is observed in 95% of breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between protein expression in tumor cells and the risk of developing radiation dermatitis.

Patients And Methods: Breast cancer patients receiving postoperative radiotherapy were included in this study.

Carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 serum levels in non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Τo investigate the potential diagnostic and prognostic role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) serum levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with newly diagnosed primary NSCLC were included in this study (88 men and 12 women). Blood was drawn before any kind of treatment and the collected serum was processed using chemiluminescence in order CEA and CA 19-9 levels to be measured.

Stage-II thymoma and emergency coronary artery bypass. To irradiate or not to irradiate to avoid radiation induced vascular injury? Case report and literature review.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present the controversial role of adjuvant radiotherapy to a 72-year-old male patient with Masaoka stage II thymoma and coronary artery bypass and to review the relevant literature.

Methods: The data were collected by relevant studies on PubMed and EMBASE. Articles up to March 2017 were included.

Addressing the post-irradiation hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine abnormalities of brain tumors in pediatric patients.

Purpose: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis is susceptible to radiotherapy, causing endocrine disorders to childhood cancer survivors. We conducted a systematic review in order to assess the radiation-induced toxicity that leads to hormone secretion abnormalities and their severity in children with brain tumors.

Methods: The data were collected by relevant studies on PubMed and EMBASE.