Surgical treatment of failed back surgery syndrome due to sagittal imbalance.

Study Design: Retrospective study of consecutive patient series.

Objective: To review the etiology of failed back surgery syndrome due to sagittal imbalance and radiographic and clinical results of surgical treatment of these patients who were treated with combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis.

Summary Of Background Data: Sagittal imbalance after spinal fusion surgery may be a major source of pain and disability.

Lumbar degenerative kyphosis: radiologic analysis and classifications.

Study Design: Retrospective study of a consecutive patient series.

Objectives: To review the radiographic classification of patients with sagittal imbalance due to lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK) and to determine correlation between thoracic and lumbar curve.

Summary Of Background Data: Lumbar degenerative kyphosis is one of the common spinal deformities in Asian countries, especially Korea and Japan.