Mucosal adjuvants for influenza virus-like particle vaccine.

To find an effective mucosal adjuvant for influenza virus-like particles (VLPs), we compared the effects of known adjuvants Alum, CpG DNA, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), poly IC, gardiquimod, and cholera toxin (CT). Mice that were intranasally immunized with Alum, CpG, MPL, and CT adjuvanted VLPs showed higher levels of antibodies in both sera and mucosa. Hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralizing activities were enhanced in groups adjuvanted with Alum, MPL, or CT.

Expression of thioredoxin during progression of hamster and human cholangiocarcinoma.

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a multifunctional redox protein that has growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic effects on cells and protects cells from endogenous and exogenous free radicals. Recently, altered expression of Trx has been reported in various cancers. In the present study, we investigated altered expression of Trx at the precancerous and carcinogenic phases during cholangiocarcinogenesis in a hamster cholangiocarcinoma (ChC) model, using semiquantitative immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses.

Protective immunity and antibody response of rats infected with Trichinella spiralis.

Objective: To study the protective immunity and antibody (IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a) response against adult and larva infection of T. spiralis Korean isolate in rats.

Methods: Forty-six rats were randomly divided into 7 groups.

Changes of cytokine mRNA expression and IgG responses in rats infected with Capillaria hepatica.

The mRNA expression of several cytokines was evaluated in splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of rats infected with Capillaria hepatica by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR until week 12 after infection. IgG1 and IgG2a, which are associated with Th1 and Th2 response, respectively, were also assessed by ELISA. The results indicated that the majority of cytokines, including the Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL- 10) were expressed at maximal levels during the early stage of infection (after week 1-2), and the ELISA data also evidenced a similar pattern of changes in IgG1 and IgG2a.

Influence of calcium ion on host cell invasion and intracellular replication by Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, which invades a wide range of hosts including humans. The exact mechanisms involved in its invasion are not fully understood. This study focused on the roles of Ca2+ in host cell invasion and in T.

Immunization with Trichinella spiralis Korean isolate larval excretory-secretory antigen induces protection and lymphocyte subset changes in rats.

Protection and immune responses were studied in rats immunized with Trichinella spiralis muscle stage larval excretory-secretory antigen (ES Ag) without adjuvant. Protection was assessed by the degree of adult worm burden and the yield of muscle (diaphragmatic) larvae after challenge infection with live larvae. Lymphocyte subsets were identified by flow cytometry in the spleen and peripheral blood.

Proliferation and cytokine production of lymphocytes from Clonorchis sinensis-infected rats in response to stimulators in vitro.

Objective: To study the rat lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation and cytokine production in response to Clonorchis sinensis infection.

Methods: The lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10) in response to mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), C. sinensis excretory-secretory antigen (ES Ag), C.

Purification and characterization of a 7-kDa protein from Clonorchis sinensis adult worms.

A 7-kDa protein was purified from extracts of adult Clonorchis sinensis by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, gel-filtration chromatography, and reversed-phase FPLC. The 7-kDa protein exists in the excretory-secretory products of adult C. sinensis, but not in extracts of adult Paragonimus westermani.

Therapeutic Trial Of Praziquantal (Embay 8440; Biltricide(R)) On The Dermal And Cerebral Human Cysticercosis.

A total of 28 adult cases who were confirmed cysticercosis with or without cerebral involvements were treated with praziquantel at the daily dose of 3 x 25 mg/kg for 3 to 7 consecutive days and was evaluated for tolerance and therapeutic effects in the trials clinically performed.The assessment of drug efficacy of praziquantel in the dermal cysticercosis was made by comparing the numbers of cysticercus nodules and histopathological findings of the biopsied parasites by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscope. In the cerebral cysticercosis, the assessment was considered by the frequency of the episodes of convulsive seizure before and after treatment with praziquantel and by the findings of the disapearance or decreased densities of the lesions in C.

Therapeutic field trial with praziquantel (Biltricide(R)) in a rural population infected with Clonorchis sinensis.

The present study was undertaken to determine the acceptablility, tolerance and effectiveness of praziquantel in a rural population infected with Clonorchis sinensis and to suggest the suitable dosages of praziquantel for the field use on a large scale. A total of 121 patients with proven C. sinensis infection were treated by two dosages with praziquantel at a single dose of 40 mg/kg bwt and 2 doses of 30 mg/kg bwt in a single day.

Clinical Evaluation Of Praziquantel(Embay 8440; Biltricide(R)) In The Treatment Of Paragonimus Westermani.

A total of 52 paragonimiasis patients was treated with praziquantel at three dose levels: 21 patients received 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt on a single day, 21 patients were treated with 3 x 25.0 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days and 10 patients were treated with the same dose for 3 consecutive days.

[An Epidemiological Note On The Taeniasis In Korea].

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence rate of Taenia spp. infection and distribution of taeniasis caused by T. solium among Koreans in several localities in Korea during the period from 1977 to 1980.

[In Vitro Activities Of Various Drugs Against Adult Worms Of Clonorchis Sinensis].

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro activities of following drugs against adult worms of Clororchis sinensis: i.e., stibnal, chloroquine diphosphate, Hetol (1,4-bis-trichloromethylbenzol), dehydroemetine "Roche" (Ro 1-9334), niridazole (Ambilhar), bisbendazole, gentian violet, dithiazanine iodide, hexachlorophene, bithionol, niclofolan (Bilevon, Bayer 9015) and praziquantel (Embay 8440, Biltricide).

Anthelmintic effect of amidental (Bay d 8815) against Ancylostoma duodenale infection.

A new anthelmintic, amidantel(Bay d 8815), an acetylated p-amino-phenyl-acetamidine was tried in 140 patients with Ancylostoma duodenale and other helminth infections. In the first trial, each 16 cases in 64 patients with A. duodenale were treated with 3.

Therapeutic Effects Of Praziquantel (Embay 8440) Against Taenia Solium Infection.

A total of 53 patients infected with Taenia solium were treated with praziquantel in two different dose levels. Twenty-six cases were treated with praziquantel in a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. All cases except one were completely cured.

[Anthelmintic Effects Of Various Drugs Against Metagonimiasis].

The infection of Metagonimus yokogawai has been known to be present nationwidely and endemic in some parts in Korea. In order to select a highly effective compound against Metagonimus infections, the therapeutic effects were observed in 156 cases who were treated with several anthelmintic i.e.

[Epidemiological Study On The Hookworm Infections In Korea].

This study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of hookworm infections in Korea from October 1976 through September 1978. The stool specimens of 5,632 persons(male 3,689: female 1,943) collected from primary and middle schools, foundling asylums, and the general populations of various parts in Korea were examined The methods employed were brine floatation technique for the prevalence rate of hookworm infections, Kato's cellophane thick smear technique for the other helminthic infections, and Stoll's dilution egg counting technique for the intensity of hookworm infections. Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections were classified by polyethylene tube coproculture method and by the evacuated adult worms after administration of anthelmintics against the patients infected with hookworms.

Therapeutic Effects Of Praziquantel (Embay 8440) Against Hymenolepis Nana Infection.

A total of 60 patients with Hymenolepis nana infection were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel in two different dose levels. Twenty-nine cases treated with praziquantel in a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight produced a 100% cure rate. On the otehr hand, 30 out of 31 patients who received a single dose of 25 mg/kg body weight cured completely, but only one case had counts of 200 EPG of feces in each tests on the 20th and 21st days after treatment.