The association between methimazole tapering and intractable Graves' disease in children.

Background: The aim of this study was to find predictive factors for intractable Graves' disease (GD).

Methods: Ninety-three GD patients who visited two pediatric endocrinology clinics from March 2009 to August 2019 were involved in this study. Data were collected on the methimazole (MZ) dosages prescribed from their first visits to their fifth visits.

Causality between Sex Hormones and Bone Mineral Density in Childhood: Age- and Tanner-Stage-Matched Sex Hormone Level May Be an Early Indicator of Pediatric Bone Fragility.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of hypogonadism on bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents with chronic diseases to determine the relationship between sex hormones and BMD. This retrospective study included 672 children and adolescents with chronic diseases such as hemato-oncologic, rheumatoid, gastrointestinal, and endocrinologic diseases. The relationship between the sex- and Tanner-stage-matched for sex hormones and the sex- and age-matched lumbar spine BMD (LSBMD) was evaluated.

The association of serum irisin with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents.

Background: Irisin is an adipomyokine secreted by muscle and adipose cells, and it plays a role in glucose, fat, and bone metabolism. This study aimed to determine the correlation of serum irisin levels with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents.

Methods: This single-center study included 103 Korean children and adolescents: 54 (52.

Usefulness of glycated albumin level as a glycemic index complementing glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic children and adolescents.

Purpose: Glycated albumin (GA) is a glycemic marker reflecting the average serum glucose of the previous 2 weeks. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of GA as a glycemic index to complement glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in children and adolescents.

Methods: Fifty-four children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 97 children and adolescents without DM (NDM) were enrolled.

Similarities and Differences between Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) and to compare the similarities and differences between the two diseases. The incidence of KDSS and MIS-C was also estimated. Medical records of patients diagnosed with MIS-C or KDSS at four hospitals from January 2013 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

High Glycated Hemoglobin Instead of High Body Mass Index Might Increase the Urine -Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase Con-Centration in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus.

Children with diabetes, and particularly those with obesity, have poor glycemic control. They are thus at higher risk of early microvascular complications. Renal tubulointerstitial markers are integral to evaluating diabetic nephropathy.

Clinical Significance of the Fetuin-A-to-Adiponectin Ratio in Obese Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus.

Fetuin-A and adiponectin are inflammatory cytokines associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aimed to examine the fetuin-A-to-adiponectin ratio (FAR) in diabetic children and to determine the role of FAR. A total of 54 children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 44 controls aged 9-16 years were included in this study.

Associations between Sclerostin and Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents.

(1) Background: Bone plays an important role in the regulation of the systemic glucose and energy metabolism. Sclerostin, secreted by osteocytes, is an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin bone metabolic pathway, and is involved in osteoporosis and metabolic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sclerostin and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with obesity or who are overweight.

Transient Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Linked to Mutation.

Prolonged hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in infancy can result in developmental sequelae. A mutation in the paired box-6 gene () has been reported to cause disorders in oculogenesis and neurogenesis. A limited number of cases of diabetes mellitus in adults with a mutation suggest that the gene also plays a role in glucose homeostasis.

Findings of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty Compared with Girls with Chronic or Recurrent Headache.

In the present study, the results of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) were compared those in with girls evaluated for headaches. A total of 295 girls with CPP who underwent sellar MRI were enrolled. A total of 205 age-matched girls with chronic or recurrent headaches without neurological abnormality who had brain MRI were included as controls.

Poor Glycemic Control Can Increase the Plasma Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Concentration in Normoalbuminuric Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication in childhood diabetes and microalbuminuria has been a solid indicator in the assessment of DN. Nevertheless, renal injury may still occur in the presence of normoalbuminuria (NA) and various tubular injury biomarkers have been proposed to assess such damage. This case-controlled study aimed to evaluate plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels in diabetic children particularly in those with normo- and high-NA stages and determine their role in predicting DN.

Effect of body mass index on peak growth hormone level after growth hormone stimulation test in children with short stature.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on peak serum growth hormone (GH) level after GH stimulation test in children with short stature.

Methods: Data were obtained from retrospective medical record reviews of those who visited the pediatric endocrine clinic at St. Vincent's Hospital of Catholic University for short stature from January 2010 to June 2019.

Association between Parent's Metabolic Syndrome and 12- to18-Year-Old Offspring's Overweight: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES) 2009-2016.

Background: Little information is available on the association between parents' metabolic syndrome (MetS) and adolescent offspring's obesity in Korea. The aim of our study is to determine the association between parent's metabolic syndrome and offspring's obesity.

Methods: The study data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted during 2009-2016.

Comparison of different criteria for the definition of insulin resistance and its relationship to metabolic risk in children and adolescents.

Purpose: Childhood obesity frequently persists into adulthood and is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and increased long-term morbidity and mortality. We compared IR criteria concerning 'age-specific cutoff point' (ACOP) and 'fixed cutoff point' (FCOP) for the identification of IR and investigated their correlation with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods: Data were acquired from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011).

Predicting First-Year Growth in Response to Growth Hormone Treatment in Prepubertal Korean Children with Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency: Analysis of Data from the LG Growth Study Database.

Background: The first-year growth in response to growth hormone (GH) treatment seems to be the most important factor in determining the overall success of GH treatment.

Methods: Data from children (n = 345) who were in the LG Growth Study Database were used to develop a model. All subjects had been diagnosed with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and presented in a prepubertal state during the first year of GH treatment.

The relation of serum nesfatin-1 level with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents: A prospective observational study.

Nesfatin-1, a recently discovered anorexigenic neuropeptide, seems to play an important role in hypothalamic pathways regulating food intake and energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of serum nesfatin-1 level with metabolic and anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents.This study prospectively included 78 Korean children and adolescents (42 obese/overweight group and 36 healthy control group).

Factors affecting height velocity in normal prepubertal children.

Purpose: To analyze the effects of clinical and laboratory factors, including insulinlike growth factor (IGF) levels, on the height velocity of normal prepubertal children.

Methods: Ninety-five healthy prepubertal children (33 boys, 62 girls) were enrolled. The mean chronological age was 6.

Urinary YKL-40 as a Candidate Biomarker for Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in Young Children.

Background: Given that YKL-40 is a known marker of inflammation, we sought to determine its association with urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile children.

Methods: In total, 44 children aged 0 to 24 months with febrile UTI and 35 age- and sex-matched controls with fever from other causes were enrolled in the study. ELISA was performed to determine the level of YKL-40 in urine collected from each child.

Association of Polymorphisms in and with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Korean Pediatric Patients.

Background: () have been suggested to be associated with the development of AITD.

Methods: Fifteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 7 genes were analyzed in 104 Korean children (girls = 86, boys = 18) with AITD (Hashimoto disease (HD) = 44, Graves' disease (GD) = 60, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) = 29, and non-TAO = 31) with 183 controls.

Results: GD showed higher frequencies of the C allele than control.

Growth without growth hormone in combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by pituitary stalk interruption syndrome.

Growth hormone (GH) is an essential element for normal growth. However, reports of normal growth without GH have been made in patients who have undergone brain surgery for craniopharyngioma. Normal growth without GH can be explained by hyperinsulinemia, hyperprolactinemia, elevated leptin levels, and GH variants; however, its exact mechanism has not been elucidated yet.

Relationships of physical fitness and obesity with metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: Chungju city cohort study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of physical fitness and obesity with metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.

Methods: This cohort study was conducted in Chungju city, South Korea. Total 843 subjects were enrolled, including 193 elementary school 4th grade male (E4M), 189 elementary school 4th grade female (E4F) and 461 male-middle school students (M1M).

Birth Weight Could Influence Bone Mineral Contents of 10- to 18-Year-Old Korean Adolescents: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010.

Background: We investigate the relationship between birth weight (BW) and bone mineral content (BMC) in Korean adolescents.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2010. Baseline characteristics were compared according to age- and sex-specific BMC quartiles of total body less head (TBLH), lumbar spine (LS) and femur neck (FN) in 10- to 18-year-old adolescents (male = 474, female = 394).

Urinary markers in the early stage of nephropathy in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of a urinary tubular marker, liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and an inflammatory marker, serum/urinary YKL-40, with albuminuria in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Twenty-nine patients with childhood-onset T1D and 32 controls were enrolled. Serum and urinary concentrations of YKL-40 and urinary concentrations of L-FABP were measured.