A Machine Learning-Based Clustering Using Radiomics of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for the Prediction of Prognosis in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is highly aggressive primary hepatic malignancy with an increasing incidence.

Objective: This study aimed to develop machine learning-based radiomic clustering using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in IHCC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed pretreatment F-18 FDG PET/CT scans of 60 IHCC patients who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant treatment between January 2008 and July 2020.

Association between Visceral Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Cognitive Impairment.

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) dysfunction has been recently recognized as a potential contributor to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to explore the relationship between VAT metabolism and cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with cognitive impairment. This cross-sectional prospective study included 54 patients who underwent F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) brain and torso positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and neuropsychological evaluations.

Development of lung cancer risk prediction models based on F-18 FDG PET images.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether the degree of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the lungs is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and to develop lung cancer risk prediction models using metabolic parameters on F-18 FDG positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: We retrospectively included 795 healthy individuals who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT scans for a health check-up. Individuals who developed lung cancer within 5 years of the PET/CT scan were classified into the lung cancer group (n = 136); those who did not were classified into the control group (n = 659).

Prognostic value of the metabolic score obtained via [F]FDG PET/CT and a new prognostic staging system for gastric cancer.

We developed and validated a new staging system that includes metabolic information from pretreatment [F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for predicting disease-specific survival (DSS) in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Overall, 731 GC patients undergoing preoperative [F]FDG PET/CT were enrolled and divided into the training (n = 543) and validation (n = 188) cohorts. A metabolic score (MS) was developed by combining the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor (T_SUVmax) and metastatic lymph node (N_SUVmax).

Association between Visceral Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology.

The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been recognized as an endocrine organ, and VAT dysfunction could be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to evaluate the association of VAT metabolism with AD pathology. This cross-sectional study included 54 older subjects with cognitive impairment who underwent 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-D-glucose (F-FDG) torso positron emission tomography (PET) and F-florbetaben brain PET.

Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction Is Associated with Severity of REM Sleep without Atonia in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.

I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac scintigraphy was performed to assess cardiac autonomic dysfunction and demonstrate its correlation with clinical and polysomnographic characteristics in patients with isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder. All subjects including 39 patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder and 17 healthy controls underwent MIBG cardiac scintigraphy for cardiac autonomic dysfunction assessment. The isolated REM sleep behavior disorder was confirmed by in-lab overnight polysomnography.

Incidence rate and factors associated with the development of secondary cancers after radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of secondary cancers and the factors associated with their development among patients who underwent radioiodine therapy (RIT) with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively collected medical records for patients who underwent first RIT between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2005, from seven tertiary hospitals in South Korea after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Cancer incidence and calculated standardized rate ratio were compared with Korean cancer incidence data.

Prognostic value of metabolic parameters on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron tomography/computed tomography in classical rectal adenocarcinoma.

We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the metabolic parameters of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in classical rectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC). We retrospectively reviewed 149 patients with CRAC who underwent preoperative F-FDG PET/CT at initial diagnosis followed by curative surgical resection. F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated for prognostic significance by univariate and multivariate analyses, along with conventional risk factors including pathologic T (pT) stage, lymph node (LN) metastasis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level.

Early-Phase SPECT/CT for Diagnosing Osteomyelitis: A Retrospective Pilot Study.

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the potential of early-phase single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) using technetium-99m methyl diphosphonate (Tc-MDP) for diagnosing osteomyelitis (OM).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one patients with suspected OM were enrolled retrospectively. Three-phase bone scan (TPBS), early-phase SPECT/CT (immediately after blood pool planar imaging), and delayed-phase SPECT/CT (immediately after delayed planar imaging) were performed.

Comparison of Image Quality and Semi-quantitative Measurements with Digital PET/CT and Standard PET/CT from Different Vendors.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the concordance and equivalence of results between the newly acquired digital PET/CT(dPET) and the standard PET/CT (sPET) to investigate possible differences in visual and semi-quantitative analyses.

Methods: A total of 30 participants were enrolled and underwent a single F-FDG injection followed by dual PET/CT scans, by a dPET scan, and immediately after by the sPET scan or vice versa. Two readers reviewed overall image quality using a 5-point scale and counted the number of suggestive F-FDG avid lesions.

Relationship Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease in Euthyroid Subjects.

Although several studies have reported an association between thyroid dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the effect of mild thyroid dysfunction within the normal range of thyrotropin (TSH) on the development of AD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid hormones and the pathology of AD in euthyroid subjects. Sixty-nine subjects with a TSH level between 0.

The effect of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on the pathology of Alzheimer's disease: A positron emission tomography study in rats.

Cerebrovascular disease is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although acute cerebral hypoperfusion causes neuronal necrosis and infarction, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces apoptosis in neurons, but its effects on the cognitive impairment are not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on AD pathology and cerebral glucose metabolism.

Association between white matter lesions and the cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with cognitive impairment.

Aim: White matter lesions (WMLs), detected as hyperintensities on T2-weighted MRI, represent small vessel disease in the brain and are considered a potential risk factor for memory and cognitive impairment. It has not been sufficiently evident that cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease is caused by WMLs as well as β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between WMLs and cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with cognitive impairment after adjustment of cerebral Aβ burden.

Genetic features associated with F-FDG uptake in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Purpose: In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), genetic characteristics on F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG)-PET scans are not yet clarified. If specific genetic characteristics were found to be related to FDG uptake in iCCA, we can predict molecular features based on the FDG uptake patterns and to distinguish different types of treatments. In this purpose, we analyzed RNA sequencing in iCCA patients to evaluate gene expression signatures associated with FDG uptake patterns.

Predictive Value of [F]FDG PET/CT for Lymph Node Metastasis in Rectal Cancer.

[F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is commonly used for rectal cancer staging, but improved diagnostic methods for nodal metastases are needed. We aimed to evaluate whether the combination model of the metabolic tumor volume of primary tumor (T_MTV) and maximum standardized uptake value of lymph node (N_SUVmax) on pretreatment [F]FDG PET/CT could improve nodal metastases prediction in rectal cancer. We enrolled a total of 166 rectal cancer patients who underwent pretreatment [F]FDG PET/CT and surgical resection without neoadjuvant treatment between January 2009 and August 2016.

Association between white matter lesions and cerebral Aβ burden.

Introduction: White matter lesions (WMLs), detected as hyperintensities on T2-weighted MRI, represent small vessel disease in the brain and are considered a potential risk factor for memory and cognitive impairment in older adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between WMLs and cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) burden in patients with cognitive impairment.

Methods: A total of 83 patients with cognitive impairment, who underwent brain MRI and F-18 florbetaben PET, were included prospectively: 19 patients were cognitively unimpaired, 30 exhibited mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 34 exhibited dementia.

Accuracy of F-18 FDG PET/CT with optimal cut-offs of maximum standardized uptake value according to size for diagnosis of regional lymph node metastasis in patients with rectal cancer.

Background: The low sensitivity of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the evaluation of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) is mainly due to the partial volume effect in patients with rectal cancer. This retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of F-18 FDG PET/CT with optimal cut-off values of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), according to LN size, for the evaluation of regional LN in rectal cancer patients.

Methods: This study included 176 patients with rectal cancer who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT for initial staging.