Lean diabetes: 20-year trends in its prevalence and clinical features among Korean adults.

Background: We investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus in lean Korean adults.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2021 among adults aged ≥ 19 years. Trend analyses between 2001 and 2019-2021 (n = 89,720) and comparative analyses of multiple clinical characteristics between patients with type 2 diabetes with and without overweight/obesity were conducted (n = 2,284).

Trends in substance use among sexual minority adolescents in South Korea.

Purpose: Substance use, that is of cigarettes, alcohol and chemical inhalants, is a major contributor to health-compromising behaviors and the related consequences among adolescents around the world. The purpose of this paper is to examine trends in this phenomenon in South Korea among sexually active adolescents who reported sexual minority behaviors as compared to their heterosexual (HS) peers.

Design And Methods: This study used data from the annual web-based survey called Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 5-year intervals: 2006, 2011, and 2016.

Establishing a regional registry for neonatal encephalopathy: impact on identification of gaps in practice.

Background: Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) continues to be a significant risk for death and disability. To address this risk, regional guidelines were developed with the support of a malpractice insurance patient safety organization. A NE registry was also established to include 14 centers representing around 50% of deliveries in the state of Massachusetts.

Maternal Midpregnancy Leptin and Adiponectin Levels as Predictors of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prenatal Cohort Study.

Context: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impaired social function and repetitive behaviors. Their etiology is largely unknown.

Objective: This work aims to examine the associations of maternal second-trimester and cord blood leptin and adiponectin levels with ASDs in offspring.

Human Milk Hormone Intake in the First Month of Life and Physical Growth Outcomes in Preterm Infants.

Context: Human milk contains hormones that regulate metabolism. Extrauterine growth restriction remains common among preterm infants, but the effect of ingesting milk hormones on preterm infant growth is poorly understood.

Objective: To quantify associations of longitudinal exposure to leptin, adiponectin, and insulin in milk with physical growth of preterm infants.

Adipokines and Metabolic Regulators in Human and Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with meta-inflammation related to obesity but the role of adipose tissue in PH pathogenesis is unknown. We hypothesized that adipose tissue-derived metabolic regulators are altered in human and experimental PH. We measured circulating levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4), fibroblast growth factor -21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and the mRNA levels of FABP-4, FGF-21, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in lung tissue of patients with idiopathic PH and healthy controls.

Association of circulating FGF-21 levels in the first week of life and postnatal growth in hospitalized preterm infants.

Background: The role of fetal and neonatal growth in the development of adult-onset diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome has become increasingly appreciated. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is known as a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. FGF-21 levels are elevated in obese adults and children.

Association of Poor Postnatal Growth with Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Infancy and Childhood: Comparing the Fetus and the Healthy Preterm Infant References.

Objectives: To compare the classification of preterm postnatal poor growth using healthy preterm vs fetal growth references and to examine associations with neurodevelopmental impairment in infancy and childhood.

Study Design: We included 613 infants born at <33 weeks of gestation. Using the INTERGROWTH-21 (healthy-preterm growth) reference and the Fenton and Olsen (fetal growth) references, we classified poor growth as a decline in z-score from birth to term-equivalent >0.

Factors related to heavy drinking between British Columbia Asian adolescents and South Korean adolescents.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the factors related to heavy drinking among British Columbia (BC) Asian adolescents and South Korean adolescents.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Participants were 72,422 adolescents (12,382 BC Asian adolescents and 60,040 South Korean adolescents) from the 2018 BC Adolescent Health Survey and the 2018 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey.

Factors Related to Depressive Symptoms Among Multicultural Adolescents in Korea.

This study aimed to compare related factors of depressive symptoms among multicultural adolescents in South Korea. Cross-sectional data were collected from 1,325 students studying in ninth grade (mean age: 14.97 ± 0.

Factors affecting cigarette smoking among adolescents in South Korea, Vietnam, and Thailand.

Purpose: The current study was designed to describe risk and preventive factors related to cigarette smoking among adolescents in South Korea, Vietnam, and Thailand.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Student data were extracted from three national data sets, specifically the Global Youth Tobacco Survey from each country.

Factors related to quality of life among middle-aged and older korean adults in 2006 and 2014: A nationally representative study.

Factors related to quality of life (QoL) were investigated using data from middle-aged and older Korean respondents to the 2006 and 2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Respondents' QoL score in 2014 (6.03 ± 1.

Risk Factors Related to Binge Drinking: A Comparative Study of American and South Korean Adolescents.

The characteristics of and risk factors associated with binge drinking among South Korean and American adolescents were identified in this study. Data on adolescents in the 9th to 12th grades were extracted from two nationwide data sets: the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey System and the U.S.

Clinical Implications of UCP1 mRNA Expression in Human Cervical Adipose Tissue Under Physiological Conditions.

Objective: The clinical implications of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) were investigated based on the analysis of cervical adipose tissue gene expression under normal physiological conditions.

Methods: Matched-pair specimens of adipose tissue (AT) were collected from beneath the incision plane (subcutaneous AT) and from the area surrounding the carotid sheath (carotid AT) from 60 patients undergoing thyroidectomy. The mRNA expression of BAT-associated genes in these tissues was examined, and this expression was correlated with the clinical characteristics of the subjects.

Demographics and Health Profiles of Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults.

This study examined the demographics and health characteristics of depressive symptoms of Korean older adults. Data were from the 2014 survey of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors of depressive symptoms.

Cord Blood Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Levels Correlate With Gestational Age and Birth Weight in Neonates.

Context: Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) have increased risk for obesity and metabolic syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) is an adipokine that has been implicated in modulation of insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Higher plasma AFABP levels are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular morbidity in adults.

Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Elementary, Middle, and High School Students.

Little attention has been paid to the individual, family, friends, and school profiles of depressed children during the transition from childhood to adolescence. This study aimed to describe the evolution of factors associated with depressive symptoms among elementary, middle, and high school students. This was a secondary analytic study using three datasets of a cohort of Korean children or adolescents.

Metabolic pathways link childhood adversity to elevated blood pressure in midlife adults.

Childhood adversity is a risk factor for adult health outcomes, including obesity and hypertension. This study examines whether childhood adversity predicted mean arterial pressure through mechanisms of central obesity and leptin, adiponectin, and/or insulin resistance, and including dietary quality. 210 Black/African Americans and White/European Americans, mean age=45.

Cord blood irisin levels are positively correlated with birth weight in newborn infants.

Background: Irisin is a novel myokine, secreted from skeletal muscle after exercise. Irisin mediates exercise-related energy expenditure by turning white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT). Thus, irisin is considered as a potential biomarker for obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Risk factors for current smoking among American and South Korean adolescents, 2005-2011.

Purpose: Population data concerning smoking rates of adolescents and adults in the United States and Korea (South Korea) has highlighted the need for attention to this age group. This study compared the risk factors related to smoking and examined the gender differences with other risk factors in smoking among American and Korean adolescents between 2005 and 2011.

Organizing Construct And Methods: Participants were students in grades 9-11 selected from nationally representative surveys conducted in 2005 and 2011.

Early life adversity is associated with elevated levels of circulating leptin, irisin, and decreased levels of adiponectin in midlife adults.

Context: Early-life adversity, defined as physical, emotional, or sexual abuse and neglect before 18 years of age, is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult life. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood, and whether adipomyokines are associated with early-life adversity independent of other factors such as body mass index, psychosocial risks, and health behaviors is not known.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between early-life adversity and circulating the levels of the adipomyokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and irisin and the inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP).

Detailed assessments of childhood adversity enhance prediction of central obesity independent of gender, race, adult psychosocial risk and health behaviors.

Objective: This study examined whether a novel indicator of overall childhood adversity, incorporating number of adversities, severity, and chronicity, predicted central obesity beyond contributions of "modifiable" risk factors including psychosocial characteristics and health behaviors in a diverse sample of midlife adults. The study also examined whether the overall adversity score (number of adversities × severity × chronicity) better predicted obesity compared to cumulative adversity (number of adversities), a more traditional assessment of childhood adversity.

Materials/methods: 210 Black/African Americans and White/European Americans, mean age=45.

Cord blood levels of osteopontin as a phenotype marker of gestational age and neonatal morbidities.

Objectives: Osteopontin (OPN) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with metabolic syndrome. Extreme birth weight categories including small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) are risk factors for metabolic syndrome. However normal levels of plasma OPN in neonates and the relationship of OPN to fetal growth remain unknown.

Circulating irisin in relation to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.

Context: Irisin, a recently identified hormone, has been proposed to regulate energy homeostasis and obesity in mice. Whether irisin levels are associated with risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiometabolic variables, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in humans remains unknown.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the associations between baseline serum irisin levels and MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD risk.

Risk factors for smoking behaviors among adolescents.

Many students in Korea begin to use tobacco and develop a regular smoking habit before they reach adulthood. Yet, little is known about various signs contributing to the transition of the student smoking behaviors. This study used a national sample to explore and compare risk factors for smoking behaviors.