Understanding psychiatric illness through natural language processing (UNDERPIN): Rationale, design, and methodology.

Introduction: Psychiatric disorders are diagnosed through observations of psychiatrists according to diagnostic criteria such as the DSM-5. Such observations, however, are mainly based on each psychiatrist's level of experience and often lack objectivity, potentially leading to disagreements among psychiatrists. In contrast, specific linguistic features can be observed in some psychiatric disorders, such as a loosening of associations in schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic Monotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotic monotherapy (APM) versus placebo in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), no meta-analysis has examined this topic. We conducted a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and Embase to identify relevant RCTs and performed a meta-analysis to compare the following outcomes between APM and placebo: response and remission rates, study discontinuation due to all causes, lack of efficacy, and adverse events, changes in total scores on depression severity scales, and individual adverse event rates. A total of 13 studies were identified, with 14 comparisons involving 3,197 participants that met the eligibility criteria.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Improving Subjective and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Better subjective and eudaimonic well-being fosters better health conditions. Several studies have confirmed that mindfulness-based interventions are effective for improving well-being; however, the samples examined in these studies have been limited to specific populations, and the studies only measured certain aspects of well-being rather than the entire construct. Additionally, few studies have examined the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on well-being.

Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is currently being used to treat social anxiety disorder (SAD); however, VRET's magnitude of efficacy, duration of efficacy, and impact on treatment discontinuation are still unclear.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that investigated the efficacy of VRET for SAD. The search strategy and analysis method are registered at PROSPERO (#CRD42019121097).

Using speech recognition technology to investigate the association between timing-related speech features and depression severity.

Background: There are no reliable and validated objective biomarkers for the assessment of depression severity. We aimed to investigate the association between depression severity and timing-related speech features using speech recognition technology.

Method: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), those with bipolar disorder (BP), and healthy controls (HC) were asked to engage in a non-structured interview with research psychologists.

Neuronal network mechanisms associated with depressive symptom improvement following electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective antidepressant treatment for severe depression. Although recent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have consistently reported ECT-induced hippocampal volume increases, most studies did not find the association of the hippocampal volume changes with clinical improvement. To understand the underlying mechanisms of ECT action, we aimed to identify the longitudinal effects of ECT on hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) and their associations with clinical improvement.

Predicting Individual Remission After Electroconvulsive Therapy Based on Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Machine Learning Approach.

Objective: To identify important clinical or imaging features predictive of an individual's response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) by utilizing a machine learning approach.

Methods: Twenty-seven depressed patients who received ECT were recruited. Clinical demographics and pretreatment structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were used as candidate features to build models to predict remission and post-ECT Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores.

Levels of glutamatergic neurometabolites in patients with severe treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics and are thus considered to have treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). To date, only four studies have examined glutamatergic neurometabolite levels using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) in patients with TRS, collectively suggesting that glutamatergic dysfunction may be implicated in the pathophysiology of TRS. Notably, the TRS patient population in these studies had mild-to-moderate illness severity, which is not entirely reflective of what is observed in clinical practice.

Thalamic volume, resting-state activity, and their association with the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective antidepressant treatment. Biological predictors of clinical outcome to ECT are valuable. We aimed to examine multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data that correlates to the efficacy of ECT.

Attitudes Toward Electroconvulsive Therapy Among Involuntary and Voluntary Patients.

Objective: We aimed to examine attitudes toward electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) among involuntary patients, voluntary patients, and their relatives.

Methods: Patients experiencing a major depressive episode and receiving ECT and their relatives were recruited for the survey. Patients and their relatives answered the self-rating questionnaires with a 7-point Likert scale.

Impact of subjective vs. objective remission status on subjective cognitive impairments in depression.

Objective: The impact of subjective vs. objective illness severity on subjective cognitive impairment in patients with depression has not been addressed.

Methods: This study is a post-hoc analysis of our cross-sectional study in Japanese outpatients with depressive disorder (ICD-10) (Ozawa et al.

Effect of Education on Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Healthy Controls, and Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Cognitive reserve is the acquired capacity reflecting a functional brain adaptability/flexibility in the context of aging. Educational attainment is thought to be among the most important factors that contribute to cognitive reserve.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships among duration of education and Alzheimer's disease (AD) related neuroimaging biomarkers such as amyloid-β deposition, glucose metabolism, and brain volumes in each stage of AD.