Development of a New Two-Arm Transurethral Surgical System for En Bloc Resection of Bladder Tumor: A Preclinical Study.

To overcome the piecemeal nature of bladder tumor resection, en bloc resection of bladder tumor (ERBT) has been introduced. ERBT is difficult for surgeons to perform using the currently available system because it has only one arm. Herein, we aimed to develop a new transurethral surgical system to facilitate two-arm ERBT and to report the results of preclinical experiments using tumor phantoms.

Improvement of implantation potential in mouse blastocysts derived from IVF by combined treatment with prolactin, epidermal growth factor and 4-hydroxyestradiol.

Study Question: Can supplementation of medium with prolactin (PRL), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2) prior to embryo transfer improve implantation potential in mouse blastocysts derived from IVF?

Summary Answer: Combined treatment with PRL, EGF and 4-OH-E2 improves mouse blastocyst implantation rates, while alone, each factor is ineffective.

What Is Known Already: Blastocyst dormancy during delayed implantation caused by ovariectomy is maintained by continued progesterone treatment in mice, and estrogen injection rapidly activates blastocysts to implantation-induced status in vivo. While the expression of many proteins is upregulated in implantation-induced blastocysts, selective proteolysis by proteasomes, such as estrogen receptor α (ESR1), occurs in implantation-induced blastocysts to achieve implantation-competent status.

Efficient terahertz detection in a sheet cavity using a nonlinear optical parametric process.

We designed and simulated a GaP-based sheet cavity structure for room-temperature THz wave detection via a nonlinear optical (NLO) parametric process, using photonic conversion from THz frequencies to the optical domain. The sheet cavity structure consisted of a GaP rectangular waveguide for THz waves. Pump enhancement in the cavity and strong confinement of the THz wave in the waveguide resulted in a high power conversion efficiency of 1% (detection at 5 THz).

Concept of annular vector beam generation at terahertz wavelengths via a nonlinear parametric process.

In this paper, we describe our theoretical investigation and calculations for a terahertz (THz)-wave profile generated by difference frequency mixing (DFM) of focused, cylindrically symmetric, and polarized optical vector beams. Using vector diffraction theory, the second-order nonlinear polarization was estimated from the electric field components of the optical pump beams penetrating uniaxial, birefringent nonlinear optics (NLO) crystals, GaSe and CdSe. The approximate beam patterns of the THz waves were simulated using DFM formulation.

Pump enhanced monochromatic terahertz-wave parametric oscillator toward megawatt peak power.

Pump enhanced optical parametric oscillation under a cavity phase matching configuration is an effective way to obtain monochromatic THz waves with high pulse energy. Numerical simulations are conducted for THz wave generations using a GaP sheet cavity. By optimizing the optical pulse duration and cavity configuration, the estimated peak power of THz waves is 4 MW at 3 THz, which corresponds to the photon conversion efficiency of η≈0.

THz-wave generation via difference frequency mixing in strained silicon based waveguide utilizing its second order susceptibility χ((2)).

Terahertz (THz) wave generation via difference frequency mixing (DFM) process in strain silicon membrane waveguides by introducing the straining layer is theoretically investigated. The Si(3)N(4) straining layer induces anisotropic compressive strain in the silicon core and results in the appearance of the bulk second order nonlinear susceptibility χ((2)) by breaking the crystal symmetry. We have proposed waveguide structures for THz wave generation under the DFM process by .

Design of a GaP/Si composite waveguide for CW terahertz wave generation via difference frequency mixing.

We design a GaP/Si composite waveguide to achieve efficient terahertz (THz) wave generation under collinear phase-matched difference frequency mixing (DFM) between near-infrared light sources. This waveguide structure provides a strong mode confinement of both near-infrared sources and THz wave, resulting in an efficient mode overlapping. The numerical results show that the waveguide can produce guided THz wave (5.

Degradation of estrogen receptor α in activated blastocysts is associated with implantation in the delayed implantation mouse model.

Implantation of a blastocyst into a receptive uterus involves a series of highly coordinated cellular and molecular events directed by ovarian estrogen and progesterone. In particular, estrogen is essential for on-time uterine receptivity and blastocyst activation in mice. Although estrogen receptor α (ERα) is expressed in blastocysts, its targeted disruption leaves embryonic development and implantation unaffected.

A high-peak-power UV picosecond-pulse light source based on a gain-switched 1.55 microm laser diode and its application to time-resolved spectroscopy of blue-violet materials.

We generated sub-kilowatt peak-power and 6-ps duration 390-nm optical pulses via the fourth harmonic generation of amplified optical output from a gain-switched 1.55-microm laser diode. We obtained a power-conversion-efficiency of 12% from 1.