A droplet-based microfluidic immunosensor for high efficiency melamine analysis.

We report a droplet-based microfluidic immunosensor for the rapid and accurate detection of melamine, an organic base that has been implicated in widescale adulteration of food products such as milk. Our melamine assay is based on the competitive reaction between native melamine and a melamine-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate against an anti-hapten antibody. The adoption of fluorescence polarization, allows the quantification of melamine in a more direct and rapid manner than established heterogeneous methods based on liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Ribonuclease 5 coordinates signals for the regulation of intraocular pressure and inhibits neural apoptosis as a novel multi-functional anti-glaucomatous strategy.

Glaucoma is a vision-threatening disorder characterized by progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), although little is known about therapeutic milestones. Due to its complex and multifactorial pathogenesis, multipronged therapeutic approach is needed. Angiogenin (ANG), now called ribonuclease (RNase) 5, has been previously known as angiogenic factor and more recently its biologic activity is extended to promoting cell survival via its ribonucleolytic activity.

The dual binding site of angiogenin and its inhibition mechanism: the crystal structure of the rat angiogenin-heparin complex.

The heparin complex of rat angiogenin revealed that a heparin strand is fitted into a positively charged groove formed by the dual binding site of rat angiogenin, suggesting that cell adhesion to angiogenin is facilitated by its interaction with substrates on the cell surface and can be inhibited by heparin.

Angiogenin reduces immune inflammation via inhibition of TANK-binding kinase 1 expression in human corneal fibroblast cells.

Angiogenin (ANG) is reportedly multifunctional, with roles in angiogenesis and autoimmune diseases. This protein is involved in the innate immune system and has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases. Although ANG may be involved in the anti-inflammatory response, there is no evidence that it has direct anti-inflammatory effects.