Oncologic outcomes and technical considerations of nipple-sparing mastectomies in breast cancer: experience of 425 cases from a single institution.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is an advantageous treatment option, providing a complete cure and good cosmetic results. We tested whether NSM is a surgically and oncologically safe technique.

Methods: We evaluated the oncological outcome of 425 breasts in 413 patients who underwent NSM between January 2000 and March 2013.

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on a murine model of diet-induced obesity.

The effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on obesity were investigated using a murine model (diet-induced obese mice). Diet-induced obese mice were divided into 4 groups: a control group (C group), which was fed a high-fat diet; a low-5-ALA dose (10 mg/kg/day) group (10A group); a moderate-5-ALA dose (30 mg/kg/day) group (30A group); and a high-5-ALA dose (100 mg/kg/day) group (100A group). 5-ALA was administered by mixing the high fat diet for 8 weeks.

Comparison between Ki67 labeling index determined using image analysis software with virtual slide system and that determined visually in breast cancer.

Background: In recent papers, Ki67 labeling index (LI) has been used to classify breast cancer patients into the low and high Ki67LI groups for comparison studies, which showed significant differences in many prognostic factors. It has not been clarified whether image analysis software can be used for calculating LI in breast cancer. In our study, we examined whether Ki67LI in breast cancer calculated using image analysis software correlates with that measured on the basis of visual.

Type 2 diabetic conditions in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats are ameliorated by 5-aminolevulinic acid.

A precursor of protoporphyrin IX, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is used as a prodrug for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy. Recently, it has been shown that 5-ALA reduces glucose levels during fasting and after glucose loading in prediabetic subjects. We hypothesized that 5-ALA ameliorates diabetic conditions through mitochondrial changes in visceral adipose tissue.

Positive predictive value for malignancy of pure flat epithelial atypia diagnosis by percutaneous needle biopsy of the breast: management of FEA in ultrasonography.

Background: Some reports suggest that the rate of definitive diagnosis of malignant tumors, namely, the final diagnosis being revised to a higher stage, in patients diagnosed as having flat epithelial atypia (FEA) by percutaneous needle biopsy of the breast (PNB) is as low as 0-3 %. However, other reports suggest that the rate is as high as 10 % or more, bringing confusion on this issue. We examined the positive predictive value for malignancy in the patients diagnosed as having pure FEA and the patients' radiolopathological characteristics observed in our hospital.

Aberrant DNA methylation status of DNA repair genes in breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Dysregulation of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis and chemosensitivity. Here, we investigated the methylation status of sixteen HR genes and analyzed their association with tumor subtypes and responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Core specimens were obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy from sixty cases of primary breast cancer of the following four subgroups: luminal breast cancer (LBC) with pathological complete response (pCR), LBC with stable disease, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with pCR and TNBC with poor response.

Characteristics of the Japanese histological classification for breast cancer: correlations with imaging and cytology.

The Japanese histological classification of breast cancer is a unique classification that was published as the 2nd edition of the General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Recording of Breast Cancer in 1971. According to this classification, breast cancers are divided into three subgroups: noninvasive, invasive, and Paget's disease. Invasive carcinomas are further divided into two groups: invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) and special types.

The effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid on cytochrome c oxidase activity in mouse liver.

Background: 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of heme that is fundamentally important in aerobic energy metabolism. Among the enzymes involved in aerobic energy metabolism, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is crucial. In this study, the effect of ALA on cytochrome c oxidase activity was measured.

[Influence of the supporting mechanism of removable partial denture on the stomatognathic system].

The connecting rigidity of the retainer and the denture supporting area may influence the distribution of the occlusal load. Three types of retainers (wrought wire clasp, Akers cast clasp and conical crown telescopic retainer) and three outline forms of denture bases designed for distal extension removable partial dentures were assessed in six patients with Kennedy Class II situations. To evaluate the influence of oral function, mandibular displacement, abutment tooth displacement, and denture base exerted pressure were measured simultaneously during maximum voluntary clenching.

An ex vivo method for rapid generation of monoclonal antibodies (ADLib system).

Here, we describe a protocol for using the ADLib (Autonomously Diversifying Library) system to rapidly generate specific monoclonal antibodies using DT40, a chicken B-cell line that undergoes constitutive gene conversion at both light- and heavy-chain immunoglobulin loci. We previously developed the ADLib system on the basis of our finding that gene conversion in DT40 cells was enhanced by treatment of the cells with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA). TSA treatment evolves a diversified library of DT40 cells (ADLib), in which each cell has different surface IgM specificity.

Point-of-care Helicobacter pylori urine antibody detection in a multi-ethnic adult population in the United States.

A need exists for accurate point-of-care tests for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection to evaluate a rapid urine-H. pylori antibody test device for detection of H.

Improved infrared spectrophotometer for point-of-care patient 13C-urea breath testing in the primary care setting.

Unlabelled: The 13C-urea breath test provides non-invasive testing for Helicobacter pylori infection with the possibility of analysis at the point of care. Point of care tests require accurate and efficient desktop instrumentation.

Objective: To compare results obtained from a new infrared spectrophotometer (10 kg, 2 min sample measurement) to the previously approved UBiT-IR300 (22.

Translocation of Bim to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates ER stress signaling for activation of caspase-12 during ER stress-induced apoptosis.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates caspase-12 in murine cells, triggering the ER stress-specific cascade for implementation of apoptosis. In C2C12 murine myoblast cells, activation of the cascade occurs without release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, suggesting that the cascade is independent of mitochondrial damage. Stable overexpression of Bcl-xL in C2C12 cells suppressed activation of caspase-12 and apoptosis.

Functional development of oligodendrocytes and open-field behavior in developing rats: an approach using monoclonal antibody to immature oligodendrocytes.

To examine the relation between functional development of oligodendrocytes and open-field behavior during the postnatal period, a mouse monoclonal antibody termed 14F7, which predominantly labels stage-specific immature oligodendrocytes, was employed. Antibody 14F7 was administered intraperitoneally into male pups on day 3 and 4 after birth. The open-field test was performed on days 12 and 18 of the postnatal period.

Effects of tongue and oral mucosa cleaning on oral Candida species and production of volatile sulfur compounds in the elderly in a nursing home.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral care using simple tools and methods on the cleanliness of the oral cavity in the elderly. Enrolled were 84 elderly subjects with a mean (+/-S.D) age of 85.