Disparities in Diabetes Technology Uptake in Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Global Perspective.

Globally, nearly 9 million people are living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Although the incidence of T1D is not affected by socioeconomic status, the development of complications and limited access to modern therapy is overrepresented in vulnerable populations. Diabetes technology, specifically continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery systems, are considered the gold standard for management of T1D, yet access to these technologies varies widely across countries and regions, and varies widely even within high-income countries.

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 analogues and delipidation of coronary atheroma in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: The prespecified sub-analysis of the OPTIMAL randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aims: Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the ability of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues (GLP-1RAs) to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). How GLP-1RAs modulate diabetic atherosclerosis remains to be determined yet.

Methods: The OPTIMAL study was a prospective randomized controlled study to compare the efficacy of 48-week continuous glucose monitoring- and HbA1c-guided glycemic control on near infrared spectroscopty (NIRS)/intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-derived plaque measures in 94 statin-treated patients with T2D (jRCT1052180152, UMIN000036721).

Effect of Luseogliflozin on Myocardial Flow Reserve in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (LUCENT-J Study).

Introduction: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors has been shown to reduce hospital admission rates for heart failure (HF). However, the multiple mechanisms hypothesized and investigated to explain the cardioprotection of SGLT2 inhibitors are not fully understood.

Objectives: The effect of luseogliflozin on myocardial flow reserve (MFR) in patients with T2D (LUCENT-J) study aims to examine the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on myocardial perfusion.

Nicotine Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhances Cell Proliferation via the α4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

The effects of smoking on fetal development and stem cell differentiation are not fully understood. Although nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in many organs of the human body, their significance in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) remains unclear. After expression levels of nAChR subunits in hiPSCs were determined, the effects of the nAChR agonist, nicotine, on undifferentiated hiPSCs were evaluated using a Clariom S Array.

Serum uric acid levels and the risk of diabetes mellitus in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: the Suita study.

Objective: The association between serum uric acid levels and the risk of diabetes mellitus in women stratified by menopausal status is not well-established. Therefore, we investigated this association among a cohort of Japanese urban women.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study on 3,304 women (1,252 premenopausal and 2,052 postmenopausal), aged 30 to 79 years, with no prior cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus, and enrolled from a general urban population.

Liver enzymes, alcohol consumption and the risk of diabetes: the Suita study.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the combined impact of liver enzymes and alcohol consumption on the diabetes risk.

Methods: Data on 5972 non-diabetic participants aged 30-79 years from the Suita study were analyzed. Diabetes incidence was surveyed every 2 years.

QRS transitional zone rotations and the risk of atrial fibrillation: the Suita Study.

ECG screening can detect people at risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent literature indicated that QRS transitional zone rotations could predict several cardiovascular events. Herein, we investigated the association between QRS transitional zone rotations and the future risk of AF.

Mild Hypertensive Retinopathy and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Suita Study.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association of mild hypertensive retinopathy with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods: A total of 7,027 residents aged 30-79 years without a history of CVD participated in the annual health checkups and retinal photography assessments. Retinal microvascular abnormalities were graded using the standard protocols and classified according to the Keith-Wagener-Barker classification.

Developing a Stroke Risk Prediction Model Using Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Suita Study.

Introduction: Stroke remains a major cause of death and disability in Japan and worldwide. Detecting individuals at high risk for stroke to apply preventive approaches is recommended. This study aimed to develop a stroke risk prediction model among urban Japanese using cardiovascular risk factors.

Weight Change Since Age 20 and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Aim: Weight change could have many health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between weight change and mortality risk due to total cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke among Japanese.

Methods: We used Suita Study data from 4,746 people aged 30-79 years in this prospective cohort study.

The Risk of Fasting Triglycerides and its Related Indices for Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases in Japanese Community Dwellers: the Suita Study.

Aim: A prospective cohort study in a Japanese urban general population was performed to investigate whether triglyceride (TG) and its related indices were associated with the risk for the incidence of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) after the adjustment for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in Asian community dwellers.

Methods: A 15.1-year prospective cohort study was performed in 6,684 Japanese community dwellers aged 30-79 years without a history of CVD and whose fasting TG levels were ＜400 mg/dL.

A Prospective Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Glucose Fluctuation and Cognitive Function in Type 2 Diabetes: PROPOSAL Study Protocol.

Introduction: Although the risk of dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is double that of those without T2DM, the mechanism remains to be elucidated and the glycemic goal to prevent progression of cognitive impairment is unclear. Results from cross-sectional studies suggest that glucose fluctuations are associated with impairment of cognitive function among T2DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the longitudinal study described here is to evaluate the relationships between glucose fluctuation indexes assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and cognitive function among elderly patients with T2DM.

The efficacy of glycemic control with continuous glucose monitoring on atheroma progression: rationale and design of the Observation of Coronary Atheroma Progression under Continuous Glucose Monitoring Guidance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (OPTIMAL).

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are high-risk subjects who more frequently have micro- and macrovascular diseases including coronary artery disease (CAD). Since impaired glycemic homeostasis directly influences the formation and propagation of atherosclerotic plaques, optimal management of glycemic status is required for the prevention of diabetic atherosclerosis. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides not only average glucose level but also the degree of glucose fluctuation and hypoglycemia.

Perfluoroalkyl substances are inversely associated with coronary heart disease in adults with diabetes.

Aims: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally and biologically persistent synthetic environmental contaminants linked to adverse health outcomes. Though null to modest inverse relationships between PFAS and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been reported, studies regarding relationships in high risk populations such as those with diabetes are sparse. We investigated the relationship of PFAS with CHD in persons with diabetes.

Evaluation of quantitative parameters for distinguishing pheochromocytoma from other adrenal tumors.

Adrenal tumors are increasingly found incidentally during imaging examinations. It is important to distinguish pheochromocytomas from other adrenal tumors because of the risk of hypertensive crisis. Although catecholamines and their metabolites are generally used to diagnose pheochromocytoma, false-positive test results are common.

Significance of dopamine D receptor signalling for steroidogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are expected to be both a revolutionary cell source for regenerative medicine and a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying human cell development in vitro. In the present study, we tried to elucidate the steroidogenic differentiation processes using hiPSC-derived intermediate mesoderm (IM) that is known to be the origin of the human adrenal cortex and gonads. We first performed chemical screening to identify small molecules that induce steroidogenic differentiation of IM cells expressing Odd-skipped related 1 (OSR1), an early IM marker.