Distribution of Human Sapovirus Strain Genotypes over the Last Four Decades in Japan: a Global Perspective.

Sapovirus (SaV) infections are a public health problem because they cause acute gastroenteritis in humans of all ages, both sporadically and as outbreaks. However, only a limited amount of SaV sequence information, especially whole-genome sequences for all the SaV genotypes, is publicly available. Therefore, in this study, we determined the full/near-full-length genomic sequences of 138 SaVs from the 2001 to 2015 seasons in 13 prefectures across Japan.

Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of IPAS by its unique nuclear import and export signals unshared with other HIF-3α splice variants.

Inhibitory Per/Arnt/Sim (PAS) domain protein (IPAS) is a splice variant of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-3α, and possesses two entirely different functions. One is as a transcriptional repressor against HIF-dependent hypoxic gene activation. The other is as a pro-apoptotic factor by direct binding to the pro-survival protein Bcl-xL and its related proteins on mitochondria.