National allergy programme had little impact on parent-reported food allergies in children aged 6-7 years.

Aim: The ten-year Finnish national allergy programme was launched in 2008 to lessen the disease and psychological burden of allergy. This study assessed the prevalence of parent-reported food allergies requiring avoidance diets at primary school in children aged six and seven years.

Methods: The cohort comprised 1937 children (51% boys) who started primary school in Tampere, Finland, in August 2016.

Marked reductions in visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy achieved by efficient screening and timely treatment.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes and needs to be diagnosed early to prevent severe sight-threatening retinopathy. Digital photography with telemedicine connections is a novel way to deliver cost-effective, accessible screening to remote areas. Screening for DR in a mobile eye examination unit (EyeMo) is compared to traditional service models (i.

Effect of a multispecies probiotic supplement on quantity of irritable bowel syndrome-related intestinal microbial phylotypes.

Background: Probiotics can alleviate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), possibly by stabilizing the intestinal microbiota. Our aim was to determine whether IBS-associated bacterial alterations were reduced during multispecies probiotic intervention consisting of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus Lc705, Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.

Experiences of counselling in the emergency department during the waiting period: importance of family participation.

Aim: To describe patients' experiences of counselling, defined as information giving and advice by nursing staff, in the emergency department. A particular focus was on the waiting period and on the importance of family participation in counselling.

Background: Counselling is a widely studied topic in nursing.

Priming with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine enhances the response to the Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus conjugate vaccine in infancy.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (PS) conjugated to tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) was given at 4 and 6 months of age and anti-Hib PS antibody response to the first and second dose of PRP-T was compared in groups that received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine either simultaneously with PRP-T (34 infants) or separately at 3, 4 and 5 months of age (49 infants). The geometric mean anti-Hib PS antibody concentration after the first dose of PRP-T given at 4 months of age was eightfold higher if the infants primed with DTP at 3 months of age than if the first dose of DTP was given together with the first dose of PRP-T (0.81 microgram ml-1 vs 0.

Passively acquired anti-tetanus and anti-Haemophilus antibodies and the response to Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in infancy.

Objective: To study the influence of maternally inherited tetanus antitoxin (anti-TT) antibodies on the response to the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (PS)-tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T) vaccine.

Design: One hundred thirty healthy infants received their first dose of PRP-T in the same syringe with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP) at 1 to 2 months, and 66 of them received a second dose at 3 to 4 months of age.

Results: Maternal anti-TT antibodies did not interfere with the anti-Hib PS response to the first PRP-T vaccination; the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-Hib PS was 0.

Comparison of five different vaccination schedules with Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine.

Objective: To compare seroresponses to five different vaccination schedules for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T) vaccine in infants.

Design: Four different two-dose schedules were compared, with doses given at 1 and 3 months, 2 and 4 months, 2 and 6 months, or 4 and 6 months of age. One group received three doses at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.

Immunologic priming by one dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in infancy.

Immunogenicity of one dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine in infancy and its ability to induce immunologic memory was studied in infants immunized at 4 and 14 months with either PRP-OMP (Hib polysaccharide conjugated with Neisseria meningitidis group B outer membrane protein complex) or PRP-T (Hib polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate) and compared with three doses of the same vaccines at 4, 6, and 14 months. Each group received diphtheriatetanus-pertusis vaccine at 3, 4, and 5 months of age. At 7 months of age, both vaccines were immunogenic after one dose, even though higher antibody concentrations were achieved after two doses.

Neonatal immunization: response to Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine.

Objective: To study the immunogenicity and tolerability of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine administered in the neonatal period.

Design: Hib capsular polysaccharide (PS)-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) was given to 120 neonates at 2 days of age, followed by PRP-T or the Hib PS vaccine at 4 months and a PRP-T booster at 14 months. Their anti-Hib PS concentrations were compared with those in children receiving PRP-T at 2 and 4 months or at 4 months.

Half-life of the maternal IgG1 allotype in infants.

The residence time of maternal IgG1 in the circulation of infants was measured by monitoring f-allotypic IgG1 or f-positive tetanus toxoid antibody in genetically G1mf-negative infants. G1ma-positive maternal tetanus toxoid antibody was similarly monitored in genetically a-negative infants. Blood samples were taken from infants at the age of 1-3 days, ca.