Association of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions with peritonitis risk, treatment, and outcomes.

Background And Objectives: The effect of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions on PD-related peritonitis is unclear. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between use of biocompatible solutions and the probability of occurrence or clinical outcomes of peritonitis.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: The study included all incident Australian patients receiving PD between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010, using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry data.

End-stage kidney disease due to haemolytic uraemic syndrome--outcomes in 241 consecutive ANZDATA registry cases.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving renal replacement therapy for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS).

Methods: The study included all patients with ESKD who commenced renal replacement therapy in Australia and New Zealand between 15/5/1963 and 31/12/2010, using data from the ANZDATA Registry. HUS ESKD patients were compared with matched controls with an alternative primary renal disease using propensity scores based on age, gender and treatment era.

Effects of climatic region on peritonitis risk, microbiology, treatment, and outcomes: a multicenter registry study.

Background: The impact of climatic variations on peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis has not been studied in detail. The aim of the current study was to determine whether various climatic zones influenced the probability of occurrence or the clinical outcomes of peritonitis.

Methods: Using ANZDATA registry data, the study included all Australian patients receiving PD between 1 October 2003 and 31 December 2008.

Daily variation in death in patients treated by long-term dialysis: comparison of in-center hemodialysis to peritoneal and home hemodialysis.

Background: There has been little study to date of daily variation in cardiac death in dialysis patients and whether such variation differs according to dialysis modality and session frequency.

Study Design: Observational cohort study using ANZDATA (Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant) Registry data.

Setting & Participants: All adult patients with end-stage kidney failure treated by dialysis in Australia and New Zealand who died between 1999 and 2008.

The effects of living distantly from peritoneal dialysis units on peritonitis risk, microbiology, treatment and outcomes: a multi-centre registry study.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether distance between residence and peritoneal dialysis (PD) unit influenced peritonitis occurrence, microbiology, treatment and outcomes.

Methods: The study included all patients receiving PD between 1/10/2003 and 31/12/2008, using ANZDATA Registry data.

Results: 365 (6%) patients lived ≥100 km from their nearest PD unit (distant group), while 6183 (94%) lived <100 km (local group).

Recent peritonitis associates with mortality among patients treated with peritoneal dialysis.

Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis, but the relationship between peritonitis and mortality among these patients is not well understood. In this case-crossover study, we included the 1316 patients who received peritoneal dialysis in Australia and New Zealand from May 2004 through December 2009 and either died on peritoneal dialysis or within 30 days of transfer to hemodialysis. Each patient served as his or her own control.

Seasonal variation in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: a multi-centre registry study.

Background: The role of seasonal variation in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis has been limited to a few small single-centre studies.

Methods: Using all 6610 Australian patients receiving PD between 1 October 2003 and 31 December 2008, we evaluated the influence of seasons on peritonitis rates (Poisson regression) and outcomes (multivariable logistic regression).

Results: The overall rate of peritonitis was 0.

Effect of dialysis modality on survival of hepatitis C-infected ESRF patients.

Background And Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients. Despite a lower incidence and risk of transmission of HCV infection with peritoneal dialysis (PD), the optimal dialysis modality for HCV-infected ESRF patients is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dialysis modality on the survival of HCV-infected ESRF patients.

Repeated peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: a multicenter registry study.

Background: Determinants and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis occurring within 4 weeks of completion of therapy of a prior episode caused by the same (relapse) or different organism (recurrence) recently have been characterized. However, determinants and outcomes of peritonitis occurring more than 4 weeks after treatment of a prior episode caused by the same (repeated) or different organism (nonrepeated) are poorly understood.

Study Design: Observational cohort study using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) data.

Microbiology and outcomes of peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients.

We analyzed data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry for 1 October 2003 to 31 December 2008 with the aim of describing the nature of peritonitis, therapies, and outcomes in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Australia. At least 1 episode of PD was observed in 6639 patients. The overall peritonitis rate was 0.

Use of aminoglycosides for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis does not affect residual renal function.

Background: Aminoglycosides offer several potential benefits in their treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis, including low cost, activity against Gram-negative organisms (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa), synergistic bactericidal activity against some Gram-positive organisms (such as Staphylococci) and relatively low propensity to promote antimicrobial resistance. However, there is limited conflicting evidence that aminoglycosides may accelerate loss of residual renal function (RRF) in PD patients. The aim of this study was to study the effect of aminoglycoside use on slope of decline in RRF.

Relapsing and recurrent peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: a multicenter registry study.

Background: The causes, predictors, treatment, and outcomes of relapsed and recurrent peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis are poorly understood.

Study Design: Observational cohort study using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry data.

Setting & Participants: All Australian PD patients between October 1, 2003, and December 31, 2007, with first episodes of peritonitis.

End-stage kidney disease due to scleroderma--outcomes in 127 consecutive ANZDATA registry cases.

Background: Scleroderma is an uncommon cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) which carries significant morbidity and mortality risks. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, treatment and outcomes of scleroderma patients with ESKD.

Methods: A study was conducted of all ESKD patients enrolled in the ANZDATA registry, who commenced dialysis between 15 May 1963 and 31 December 2005, and remained on dialysis for at least 90 days.

Peritoneal dialysis practice in Australia and New Zealand: a call to action.

Peritoneal dialysis technique survival in Australia and New Zealand is lower than in other parts of the world. More than two-thirds of technique failures are related to infective complications (predominantly peritonitis) and 'social reasons'. Practice patterns vary widely and more than one-third of peritoneal dialysis units do not meet the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis minimum accepted peritonitis rate.

Predictors, treatment, and outcomes of non-Pseudomonas Gram-negative peritonitis.

Non-Pseudomonas Gram-negative (NPGN) peritonitis is a frequent, serious complication of peritoneal dialysis; however, previous reports have been limited to small, single-center studies. To gain insight on the frequency, predictors, treatment, and outcomes of NPGN peritonitis, we analyzed data in the ANZDATA registry of all adult Australian peritoneal dialysis patients over a 39-month period using multivariate logistic and multilevel Poisson regressions. There were 837 episodes of NPGN peritonitis (23.

Coagulase-negative staphylococcal peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients: predictors, treatment and outcomes in 936 cases.

Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CNS) peritonitis is the most common cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis. Previous reports of this important condition have been sparse and generally limited to single-centre studies.

Methods: The frequency, predictors, treatment and clinical outcomes of CNS peritonitis were examined by multivariate logistic regression and multilevel Poisson regression in all adult PD patients in Australia between 2003 and 2006.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: incidence, predictors, and outcomes.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a complication of peritoneal dialysis characterized by persistent, intermittent, or recurrent adhesive bowel obstruction. Here we examined the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (peritoneal fibrosis) by multivariate logistic regression in incident peritoneal dialysis patients in Australia and New Zealand. Matched case-control analysis compared the survival of patients with controls equivalent for age, gender, diabetes, and time on peritoneal dialysis.

Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients: predictors, treatment, and outcomes in 503 cases.

Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Since reports of the course and treatment of S. aureus peritonitis have generally been limited to small, single-center studies, the aim of the current investigation was to examine the frequency, predictors, treatment, and clinical outcomes of this condition in all 4675 patients receiving PD in Australia between 1 October 2003 and 31 December 2006.

Culture-negative peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients in Australia: predictors, treatment, and outcomes in 435 cases.

Background: Reports of culture-negative peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis have been sparse, conflicting, and limited to small single-center studies. The aim of this investigation is to examine the frequency, predictors, treatment, and outcomes of culture-negative PD-associated peritonitis.

Study Design: Observational cohort study using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) data.

Superior survival of high transporters treated with automated versus continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is widely recommended for the management of high transporters by the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD), although there have been no adequate studies to date comparing the outcomes of APD and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in this high risk group.

Methods: The relative impact of APD versus CAPD on patient and technique survival rates was examined by both intention-to-treat (PD modality at Day 90) and 'as-treated' time-varying Cox proportional hazards model analyses in all patients who started PD in Australia or New Zealand between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2004 and who had baseline peritoneal equilibration tests confirming the presence of high peritoneal transport status.

Results: During the study period, 4128 patients commenced PD.

Enterococcal peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients: predictors, treatment and outcomes in 116 cases.

Unlabelled: Background. Enterococcal peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), although reports of this condition in the literature are exceedingly limited. Methods.

Polymicrobial peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients in Australia: predictors, treatment, and outcomes.

Background: The study aim was to examine the frequency, predictors, treatment, and clinical outcomes of peritoneal dialysis-associated polymicrobial peritonitis.

Study Design: Observational cohort study using ANZDATA (The Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry) data.

Setting & Participants: All Australian peritoneal dialysis patients between October 2003 and December 2006.

Streptococcal peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients: predictors, treatment and outcomes in 287 cases.

Background: There has not been a comprehensive, multi-centre study of streptococcal peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) to date.

Methods: The predictors, treatment and clinical outcomes of streptococcal peritonitis were examined by binary logistic regression and multilevel, multivariate poisson regression in all Australian PD patients involving 66 centres between 2003 and 2006.

Results: Two hundred and eighty-seven episodes of streptococcal peritonitis (4.

Corynebacterium peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients: predictors, treatment and outcomes in 82 cases.

Background: Infection due to Corynebacterium species has been reported with increasing frequency over recent decades. The impacts of enhanced laboratory detection together with widespread use of new peritoneal dialysis (PD) connection technology and antimicrobial prophylaxis strategies on Corynebacterium PD-associated peritonitis have not been well studied.

Methods: We investigated the frequency, predictors, treatment and clinical outcomes of Corynebacterium peritonitis in all Australian adult patients involving 66 centres who were receiving PD between 1 October 2003 and 31 December 2006.

Predictors and outcomes of fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Fungal peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis but previous reports on this have been limited to small, single-center studies. Using all Australian peritoneal dialysis patients, we measured predictors, treatments, and outcomes of this condition by logistic regression and multilevel, multivariate Poisson regression. This encompassed 66 centers over a 4-year period that included 162 episodes of fungal peritonitis (4.