Lost, mislabeled, and mishandled surgical and clinical pathology specimens: A systematic review of published literature.

Objectives: To perform a systematic review of published academic literature related to lost, mislabeled, and mishandled surgical and clinical pathology specimens during the preanalytical stage.

Methods: The authors used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to search PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus for relevant articles published from January 1, 1990, to May 1, 2023.

Results: The authors screened 1313 articles and identified 44 peer-reviewed, English-language articles published between 1990 and 2021 for inclusion in the final systematic review.

A gap in perceived accessibility to play spaces for physical activity in Arizona elementary schools.

Background: The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans states all children should be provided with various physical activity opportunities; however, school play spaces are often unaccommodating to students with disabilities and this limitation may be exacerbated in lower-income schools.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare elementary school play space accessibility among children with and without disabilities at lower- and higher-income schools.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized an online survey assessing the perceived accessibility of play spaces for students with and without disabilities in low- and high-income schools administered to 178 physical education teachers across Arizona.

A natural experiment to assess recess frequency on children's physical activity in Arizona (U.S.) elementary schools.

Background: In the United States, the number of state policies mandating recess in schools has rapidly increased over the past decade; however, few policies specify recess frequency. Informed by an ecological model of physical activity (PA) policy, this study examined and compared total amounts and intensity of PA expended during recess among children attending schools in compliance with Arizona recess policy ARS§ 15-118 mandating 2 + daily recess periods versus not.

Methods: PA during recess was measured among grade three children (ages 8-10) in four randomly selected elementary schools (two complying averaging 30 daily recess minutes; two non-complying averaging 15 daily recess minutes) in Maricopa County, Arizona.

The Relationship Between Policy Strength and Physical Activity Practices in Arizona Public Elementary Schools.

Background: Many school-based physical activity statutes and regulations have been enacted, with the expectation that schools will comply. However, policy alone does not equate to implementation, and many policies fail for a variety of reasons. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the strength of reported state, district, and school-level physical activity policies were associated with reported recess, physical education, and other school-based physical activity practices at elementary schools in Arizona.

Promoting children's health and well-being through structured recreation during online recess.

Recess is a critical source of physical, social and emotional health and well-being for children, but generally not prioritized during online learning. A 13-week structured recreation intervention was delivered virtually during recess to students in the fifth and sixth grades (age 10-12 years; N = 71) at one elementary school (Phoenix, AZ, USA). We used embedded mixed method with a prospective pre-/post-design to measure change in student-reported emotion and qualities of engagement in an online setting.

A direct observation tool to measure interactions between shade, nature, and children's physical activity: SOPLAY-SN.

Background: Most physical activity (PA) during school occurs at recess; however, recess PA may be influenced by children's thermal comfort and interaction with nature, neither of which have concurrently been measured reliably in previous studies. This study tests the reliability of SOPLAY-SN, an adaption of the validated System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) to measure Shade and Nature (SN) alongside PA, and associations between children's PA and interaction with shade and nature during recess to highlight the utility of the tool.

Methods: Interactions with shade and nature were measured using systematic direct observation at two playgrounds (primary-grade = ages 5-8, upper-grade = ages 9-12) during recess at an elementary school in Phoenix, Arizona (USA).

Building School Connectedness Through Structured Recreation During School: A Concurrent Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: School connectedness (SC) is associated with improved health and academic outcomes. The purposes of this study were to explore factors contributing to students' perceptions of SC and if participation in structured recreation at school was associated with SC.

Methods: We used concurrent mixed-methods including cross-sectional qualitative data to explore factors contributing to SC among fifth- and sixth-grade students at 2 schools in Phoenix, AZ, USA (N = 330), and quantitative measures to explore the association between SC and recreation participation (N = 129).

Shifts in Self-Reported Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Play Among Lower-Socioeconomic Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: The lack of in-person schooling and participation in structured recreation activities during the COVID-19 pandemic may have altered children's movement behaviors. This study assessed changes in children's self-reported in school and out of school physical activity, sedentary behavior, and play before and during the pandemic.

Design: A repeated cross-sectional online survey was administered in February 2020 (pre-pandemic, in-person) and 2021 (during pandemic, remote).

Asymmetric diosmium sawhorse complexes.

Three asymmetric diosmium(I) carbonyl sawhorse complexes have been prepared by microwave heating. One of these complexes is of the type Os(μ-OCR)(μ-OCR')(CO)L, with two different bridging carboxylate ligands, while the other two complexes are of the type Os(μ-OCR)(CO)L, with one axial CO ligand and one axial phosphane ligand. The mixed carboxylate complex Os(μ-acetate)(μ-propionate)(CO)[P(p-tolyl)], (1), was prepared by heating Os(CO) with a mixture of acetic and propionic acids, isolating Os(μ-acetate)(μ-propionate)(CO), and then replacing two CO ligands with two phosphane ligands.

Crystal structure of [μ-1κ,:2(1,2,3,4-η)-1,2,3,4-tetra-phenyl-buta-1,3-diene-1,4-di-yl]bis-(tri-carbonyl-osmium)(-).

In the title complex CHOOs or (μ-η-CPh)Os(CO), one Os atom is part of a metalla-cyclo-penta-diene ring, while the second Os atom is π-bonded to the organic portion of this ring. The distance of 2.7494 (2) Å between the two Os atoms is typical of an Os-Os single bond.

Trauma reception and resuscitation in Sri Lanka: the Health for the South Capacity-Building project.

In response to the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, the Health for the South project, Capacity-Building programme was implemented in Galle, Sri Lanka. The objectives of the Capacity-Building programme were to develop the emergency and trauma service capability at Teaching Hospital Karapitiya in Galle. Over 15 months, ED clinicians, from the Alfred Hospital and Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, provided training in the Emergency Treatment Unit of the main referral hospital for the south of Sri Lanka.

Effects of CNS site-directed carotid arterial infusions of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine in sheep.

Background: Previous preclinical safety studies in ewes have found intravenous levobupivacaine and ropivacaine to be less potent toward causing central nervous system (CNS) and cardiac toxicity than bupivacaine. Analogous cardiotoxicity has been demonstrated directly in various cardiac preparations ex vivo. Moreover, drug-related arrhythmogenicity has been demonstrated from direct CNS injection of local anesthetic agents in vivo, suggesting CNS-related cardiotoxicity.