Incidence and impact of malnutrition in patients with Fontan physiology.

Background: Single-ventricle patients require a series of surgeries, with the final stage being the Fontan. This form of circulation results in several long-term complications, but the impact and consequences of nutrition status remain unclear. We sought to evaluate the incidence of malnutrition in Fontan patients and the impact on outcomes.

Estimating nutritional needs in paediatric heart failure: beyond the equations.

Background: Nutrition optimisation is imperative in paediatric patients with heart failure. Energy needs can be assessed using indirect calorimetry.

Methods: Presented are two cases of children with clinical heart failure who benefited from indirect calorimetry.

Optimizing Nutrition in Pediatric Heart Failure: The Crisis Is Over and Now It's Time to Feed.

Pediatric heart failure is a complex disease occurring when cardiac output is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body. With improved surgical interventions and medical therapies, survival rates have improved, and care has shifted from focusing on survival to optimizing quality of life and health outcomes. Based on current literature, this review addresses the nutrition needs of infants and children in heart failure and describes the pathophysiology and metabolic implications of this disease.

Change in frequency of the maxillary midline diastema appearing in photographs of Caucasian females in two fashion magazines from 2003 to 2012.

Objectives: To ascertain if there has been a change in the frequency of appearance of maxillary midline diastema in two leading women's fashion magazines over a decade.

Methods: Two observers counted the frequency of maxillary midline diastema that appeared in Caucasian female models featured in British Vogue and Glamour (UK).

Results: An increase in the frequency of maxillary midline diastema appearing in both publications was observed between 2003 and 2012.