Hemodynamic evaluation of the pulmonary arteries and aorta using 4D flow cardiac MRI in children and young adults with dextro-transposition of the great arteries after the arterial switch operation.

Background: Pulmonary artery stenosis, neoaortic dilatation, and neoaortic valve insufficiency are among the most frequent complications of the arterial switch operation for repair of dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA). It remains difficult to predict which patients will require great arterial reintervention.

Objective: We aimed to characterize hemodynamics within the great arteries using 4D flow MRI in patients with d-TGA after the arterial switch operation.

Ratios of head circumference to ventricular size vary over time and predict eventual need for CSF diversion in intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity.

Purpose: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of prematurity can lead to hydrocephalus, sometimes necessitating permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. We sought to characterize the relationship between head circumference (HC) and ventricular size in IVH over time to evaluate the clinical utility of serial HC measurements as a metric in determining the need for CSF diversion.

Methods: We included preterm infants with IVH born between January 2000 and May 2020.

Post-Stroke Administration of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Modulator, LM11A-31, Attenuates Chronic Changes in Brain Metabolism, Increases Neurotransmitter Levels, and Improves Recovery.

The aim of this study was to test whether poststroke oral administration of a small molecule p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) modulator (LM11A-31) can augment neuronal survival and improve recovery in a mouse model of stroke. Mice were administered LM11A-31 for up to 12 weeks, beginning 1 week after stroke. Metabolomic analysis revealed that after 2 weeks of daily treatment, mice that received LM11A-31 were distinct from vehicle-treated mice by principal component analysis and had higher levels of serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine in their ipsilateral hemisphere.

Repeated Administration of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) Attenuates the Chronic Inflammatory Response to Experimental Stroke.

Globally, more than 67 million people are living with the effects of ischemic stroke. Importantly, many stroke survivors develop a chronic inflammatory response that may contribute to cognitive impairment, a common and debilitating sequela of stroke that is insufficiently studied and currently untreatable. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is an FDA-approved cyclic oligosaccharide that can solubilize and entrap lipophilic substances.

IgA natural antibodies are produced following T-cell independent B-cell activation following stroke.

Up to 30% of stroke patients experience cognitive decline within one year of their stroke. There are currently no FDA-approved drugs that can prevent post-stroke cognitive decline, in part due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms involved. We have previously demonstrated that a B-lymphocyte response to stroke, marked by IgA + cells, can cause delayed cognitive dysfunction in mice and that a similar adaptive immune response occurs in the brains of some human stroke patients that suffer from vascular dementia.