A phase I study of intra-anal artesunate (suppositories) to treat anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Background: Ablation or surgical excision is the typical treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Recurrences are common due to the persistence of underlying human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Additional well-tolerated and effective non-surgical options for HPV-associated anal disease are needed.

Chronic Intermittent Sucrose Consumption Facilitates the Ability to Discriminate Opioid Receptor Blockade with Naltrexone in Rats.

The opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) decreases intake of preferred diets in rats at very low doses relative to doses needed to decrease intake of "bland" laboratory chow. In the absence of an opioid agonist, NTX is not discriminable using operant techniques. In the current study, we found that rats given intermittent access to a 25% sucrose solution learned to discriminate between various naltrexone doses and saline.