Synchronous Renal Cell Carcinoma and Gastrointestinal Malignancies.

While renal cell carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm of the kidney, its simultaneous diagnosis with a gastrointestinal malignancy is a rare, but well reported phenomenon. This discussion focuses on three independent cases in which each patient was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and a unique synchronous gastrointestinal malignancy. Case 1 explores the diagnosis and surgical intervention of a 66-year-old male patient synchronously diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and a carcinoid tumor of the small bowel.

Effect of miR-23 on oxidant-induced injury in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Purpose: Micro(mi)RNAs negatively regulate a wide variety of genes through degradation or posttranslational inhibition of their target genes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of miR-23a in modulating RPE cell survival and gene expression in response to oxidative damage.

Methods: The expression level of miR-23a was measured in macular retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of donor eyes with aged-related macular degeneration (AMD) and age-matched normal eyes by using qRT-PCR.

Impact of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition on oxidant-induced injury in human retinal pigment epithelium cells.

In addition to cholesterol-lowering effect, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition by statins has been shown to have protective effect in many cells type. The loss of vision in retinal degeneration disease associates with oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell. This study was designed to examine the effect of statins on oxidant-induced damage in human RPE cells.

Additive effect of TAK-491, a new angiotensin receptor blocker, and pioglitazone, in reducing myocardial infarct size.

Purpose: We assessed the effects of TAK-491 (a newly designed potent and selective ARB) alone and in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) on myocardial infarct size (IS).

Methods: Rats received TAK-491 (0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mgkg(-1)d(-1)), PIO (1.

The myocardial infarct size-limiting effect of sitagliptin is PKA-dependent, whereas the protective effect of pioglitazone is partially dependent on PKA.

Pioglitazone (PIO) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs limit infarct size (IS) in experimental models. The effects of the dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV inhibitors, which increase the endogenous levels of GLP-1, on myocardial protection, are unknown. We studied whether sitagliptin (SIT) and PIO have additive effects on IS limitation in the mouse.

Pharmacological inhibition of PTEN limits myocardial infarct size and improves left ventricular function postinfarction.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates myocardium protective signaling through phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (Ptdins) to produce Ptdins(3,4,5)P(3). Lipid phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) antagonizes PI3K activity by dephosphorylating Ptdins(3,4,5)P(3); therefore, the inhibition of PTEN enhances PI3K/Akt signaling and could prevent myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here we studied 1) whether the pharmacological inhibition of PTEN by bisperoxovanadium molecules [BpV(HOpic)] attenuates simulated I/R (SIR) injury in vitro and 2) whether the administration of BpV(HOpic) either before or after ischemia limits myocardial infarct size (IS) and ameliorates cardiodysfunction caused by infarction.