Protocol for selecting single human pluripotent stem cells using a modified micropipetter.

Single-cell clonal selection is a critical procedure for generating a homogeneous population of human pluripotent stem cells. Here, we present a protocol that repurposes the STRIPPER Micropipetter, normally used for in vitro fertilization, to pick single stem cells. We describe steps for tool and reagent preparation, single-cell picking, and colony passaging.

Regulates the Daily Timing of Colitis.

Many physiological functions exhibit circadian rhythms: oscillations in biological processes that occur in a 24-hour period. These daily rhythms are maintained through a highly conserved molecular pacemaker known as the circadian clock. Circadian disruption has been proposed to cause increased risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

The Circadian Clock Gene, Bmal1, Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Signaling and Represses Tumor Initiation.

Background & Aims: Circadian rhythms are daily physiological oscillations driven by the circadian clock: a 24-hour transcriptional timekeeper that regulates hormones, inflammation, and metabolism. Circadian rhythms are known to be important for health, but whether their loss contributes to colorectal cancer is not known. We tested the nonredundant clock gene Bmal1 in intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis, using the Apc model of colorectal cancer.

Impaired ECM Remodeling and Macrophage Activity Define Necrosis and Regeneration Following Damage in Aged Skeletal Muscle.

Regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle declines with age, the cause of which remains largely unknown. We investigated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their regulators during early regeneration timepoints to define a link between aberrant ECM remodeling, and impaired aged muscle regeneration. The regeneration process was compared in young (three month old) and aged (18 month old) C56BL/6J mice at 3, 5, and 7 days following cardiotoxin-induced damage to the tibialis anterior muscle.

A Bird's-Eye View of the Multiple Biochemical Mechanisms that Propel Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Advances and Mechanistic Perspectives on How to Halt the Disease Progression Targeting Multiple Pathways.

Neurons consume the highest amount of oxygen, depend on oxidative metabolism for energy, and survive for the lifetime of an individual. Therefore, neurons are vulnerable to death caused by oxidative-stress, accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional proteins and organelles. There is an exponential increase in the number of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) as the number of elderly increases exponentially.

Corrigendum: Cancer Cell Mitochondria Targeting by Pancratistatin Analogs is Dependent on Functional Complex II and III.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep42957.

The Circadian Clock Gene Coordinates Intestinal Regeneration.

Background & Aims: The gastrointestinal syndrome is an illness of the intestine caused by high levels of radiation. It is characterized by extensive loss of epithelial tissue integrity, which initiates a regenerative response by intestinal stem and precursor cells. The intestine has 24-hour rhythms in many physiological functions that are believed to be outputs of the circadian clock: a molecular system that produces 24-hour rhythms in transcription/translation.

Cancer Cell Mitochondria Targeting by Pancratistatin Analogs is Dependent on Functional Complex II and III.

Enhanced mitochondrial stability and decreased dependence on oxidative phosphorylation confer an acquired resistance to apoptosis in cancer cells, but may present opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The compound pancratistatin (PST) has been shown to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, its low availability in nature has hindered its clinical advancement.

Inhibition of stress induced premature senescence in presenilin-1 mutated cells with water soluble Coenzyme Q10.

A water-soluble formulation of CoQ10 (WS-CoQ10) was shown to stabilize mitochondria and prevent oxidative stress-induced neuronal death. Presenilin-1 (PS-1)-mutated Alzheimer's Disease (AD) fibroblasts (PSAF) were used for studying the effects of PS-1 mutation. PS-1 mutation correlated to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) in PSAF; WS-CoQ10 treatment decreased ROS generation, increased population doublings, and postponed SIPS.