Muscle Oxygen Saturation Dynamics During Upper-Body Resistance Exercise.

Research examining the changes in muscle oxygen saturation across multiple sets of resistance exercise is limited. The purpose of this study was to describe the physiological response of muscle oxygenation parameters during upper-body resistance exercise and examine the differential effects of relevant participant characteristics on resistance training performance and muscle oxygen saturation dynamics. Sixty-one recreationally trained men (n = 44; 21.

Changes in Hip Isometric Strength of Female College Soccer Players After High-Workload Training Session.

Context: The hip adductor and abductor muscles play vital roles as stabilizers in the lower-extremity. Their activation during soccer-specific actions is essential, but local muscular fatigue can hinder athletic performance and increase the risk of injury.

Design: This study aimed to observe the variations in frontal plane hip strength in female college soccer players before and after a high-workload soccer-specific training session.

A single dose multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement enhances upper body resistance exercise performance.

Introduction: Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) are commonly used by individuals looking to enhance exercise performance and augment adaptations to training. However, the efficacy of commercially available MIPS is largely dependent on the ingredient profile, and new formulations should be investigated to determine their effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a commercially available MIPS product on performance during an upper body resistance exercise protocol.

Utility of Novel Rotational Load-Velocity Profiling Methods in Collegiate Softball Players.

Herring, CH, Beyer, KS, Redd, MJ, Stout, JR, and Fukuda, DH. Utility of novel rotational load-velocity profiling methods in collegiate softball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 136-145, 2024-The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of bat swing (BS) and rotational medicine ball throw (RMBT) load-velocity profiling (LVP) methods and explore relationships with batting performance in NCAA Division I softball players.

Effect of Test Sequence on Maximal Anaerobic and Aerobic Power Achievements in Adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of test sequence on adults' ability to achieve maximal aerobic and anaerobic power during a single assessment visit. Forty-one adults (24 men, 17 women; 22.0 ± 1.

Relative Age Effects in Elite Olympic Weightlifters.

Kollars, JM, Taber, CB, and Beyer, KS. Relative age effects in elite olympic weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1223-1228, 2021-The time of year in which an athlete is born may provide an advantage developmentally for competition, known as relative age effects (RAEs).

Relative Age Effects as Evidence of Selection Bias in Major League Baseball Draftees (2013-2018).

Herring, CH, Beyer, KS, and Fukuda, DH. Relative age effects as evidence of selection bias in major league baseball draftees (2013-2018). J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 644-651, 2021-The purpose of this study was to examine if relative age effects (RAEs) or the unequal birth-date distribution among a cohort group of individuals exist in Major League Baseball (MLB) draftees.

Effect of somatic maturity on the aerobic and anaerobic adaptations to sprint interval training.

The purpose of this study was to assess the maturity-related differences in the aerobic and anaerobic adaptations to sprint interval training (SIT) among youth male athletes. Twenty-seven youth male athletes were assessed for years from peak height velocity (PHV) and classified into prepubescent (PRE, n = 7, years from PHV = -2.21 ± 0.

Relative Age Effect in Collegiate Soccer: Influence of Nationality, Playing Position, and Class.

Hurley, E, Comstock, BA, Haile, L, and Beyer, KS. Relative age effect in collegiate soccer: influence of nationality, playing position, and class. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3295-3301, 2019-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existence of relative age effects (RAEs) in collegiate soccer.

Maturity-Related Differences in Systemic Pulmonary and Localized Fatigue Threshold Among Youth Male Athletes.

Purpose: To examine the reliability and the maturity-related differences of fatigue thresholds (FTs) among youth males.

Methods: Twenty-nine youth males (11-17 y) completed 2 ramp exercise tests on a cycle ergometer. Systemic FTs were calculated from gas exchange and ventilation variables.

Resistance training does not induce uniform adaptations to quadriceps.

Resistance training may differentially affect morphological adaptations along the length of uni-articular and bi-articular muscles. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in muscle morphology along the length of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) in response to resistance training. Following a 2-wk preparatory phase, 15 resistance-trained men (24.

Resistance Exercise Selectively Mobilizes Monocyte Subsets: Role of Polyphenols.

Purpose: To examine the impact of polyphenol supplementation on the recruitment, mobilization, and activation of monocyte subsets after resistance exercise.

Methods: Thirty-eight recreationally active males (22.1 ± 3.

No Observable Relative Age Effects in Professional Surfers: a Constraints-Based Evaluation.

With the recent inclusion of surfing in the 2020 Olympic Games in Japan, there will be a number of surfing athletes vying for one of the twenty total available spots for their respective gender. The purpose was to evaluate relative age effects (RAEs) in surfing with consideration for specific developmental constraints. Elite competitive male surfers (n = 1590) were examined by birth month and subcategorized by competitive level, age groups, and geographical regions.

Influence of Baseline Muscle Strength and Size Measures on Training Adaptations in Resistance-trained Men.

The influence of baseline strength or muscle size on adaptations to training is not well-understood. Comparisons between novice and advanced lifters, and between stronger and weaker experienced-lifters, have produced conflicting results. This study examined the effect of baseline muscle strength and size on subsequent adaptations in resistance-trained individuals following a traditional high-volume, short-rest resistance training protocol.

Polyphenol supplementation alters intramuscular apoptotic signaling following acute resistance exercise.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 28-days of supplementation with an aqueous proprietary polyphenol blend (PPB) sourced from Camellia sinensis on intramuscular apoptotic signaling following an acute lower-body resistance exercise protocol and subsequent recovery. Untrained males (n = 38, 21.8 ± 2.

Impact of Polyphenol Supplementation on Acute and Chronic Response to Resistance Training.

Beyer, KS, Stout, JR, Fukuda, DH, Jajtner, AR, Townsend, JR, Church, DD, Wang, R, Riffe, JJ, Muddle, TWD, Herrlinger, KA, and Hoffman, JR. Impact of polyphenol supplementation on acute and chronic response to resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 2945-2954, 2017-This study investigated the effect of a proprietary polyphenol blend (PPB) on acute and chronic adaptations to resistance exercise.

Comparison of Two β-Alanine Dosing Protocols on Muscle Carnosine Elevations.

Objective: β-alanine (BA) is a nonproteogenic amino acid that combines with histidine to form carnosine. The amount taken orally in individual doses, however, is limited due to symptoms of paresthesia that are associated with higher doses. The use of a sustained-release formulation has been reported to reduce the symptoms of paresthesia, suggesting that a greater daily dose may be possible.

Mathematical Modeling and Expression of Heart Rate Deflection Point using Heart Rate and Oxygen Consumption.

Heart rate deflection point (HRDP) can be determined through different mathematical-modeling procedures, such as bi-segmental linear regression (2SEG) or maximal distance model (Dmax). The purpose was to compare heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO) at HRDP when using 2SEG and Dmax, and to examine their relationships with respiratory compensation point (RCP) and running performance. Nineteen participants completed a graded exercise test (GXT), to determine HRDP and RCP, and a 5km treadmill time trial (5K).

Post-resistance exercise ingestion of milk protein attenuates plasma TNFα and TNFr1 expression on monocyte subpopulations.

Attenuating TNFα/TNFr1 signaling in monocytes has been proposed as a means of mitigating inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a milk protein supplement on TNFα and monocyte TNFr1 expression. Ten resistance-trained men (24.

Comparison of the recovery response from high-intensity and high-volume resistance exercise in trained men.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of a high-volume (HV; 8 sets of 10 repetitions) versus high-intensity (HI; 8 sets of 3 repetitions) exercise protocol in resistance-trained men.

Methods: Twelve men (24.5 ± 4.

The effect of polyphenols on cytokine and granulocyte response to resistance exercise.

This study examined the effect of resistance exercise on the production, recruitment, percentage, and adhesion characteristics of granulocytes with and without polyphenol (PPB) supplementation. Thirty-eight untrained men were randomized into three groups: PPB (n = 13, 21.8 ± 2.

Exercise-Induced Hormone Elevations Are Related to Muscle Growth.

Mangine, GT, Hoffman, JR, Gonzalez, AM, Townsend, JR, Wells, AJ, Jajtner, AR, Beyer, KS, Boone, CH, Wang, R, Miramonti, AA, LaMonica, MB, Fukuda, DH, Witta, EL, Ratamess, NA, and Stout, JR. Exercise-induced hormone elevations are related to muscle growth. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 45-53, 2017-Partial least squares regression structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine relationships between the endocrine response to resistance exercise and muscle hypertrophy in resistance-trained men.

Spatial Awareness is Related to Moderate Intensity Running during a Collegiate Rugby Match.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between spatial awareness, agility, and distance covered in global positioning system (GPS) derived velocity zone classifications during a collegiate rugby match. Twelve American collegiate rugby union players (mean±SD; age: 21.2±1.

Effects of supine rest duration on ultrasound measures of the vastus lateralis.

Introduction: Due to the potential for intramuscular fluid shifts from changing body position, researchers often utilize a 10- to 15-min period of supine rest as a standardizing procedure prior to ultrasound assessment of the lower limbs. However, no previous research has observed the changes in muscle morphological characteristics via ultrasonography of the lower limbs depending on the length of time of supine rest to determine whether 10-15 min of supine rest is necessary. The aim of this study was to examine changes in muscle morphology of the vastus lateralis (VL) at various time-points over the course of 15 min of supine rest.

Homogeneity of echo intensity values in transverse ultrasound images.

Introduction: Echo intensity of skeletal muscle measured by means of ultrasonography has been used to assess muscle quality, however, the heterogeneity of echo intensity has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study examined echo intensity in different sections of panoramic ultrasound images captured in the transverse plane.

Methods: Echo intensity of the vastus lateralis was assessed in 24 men (20.