Development and Implementation of a Maryland State Program Providing Hospital Payment Incentives for Reduction in Readmission Disparities.

Background: Social factors are a key determinant of hospital readmission. We describe the development of the country's first statewide policy providing hospitals with financial incentives to reduce readmission disparities.

Objective: To describe the development and evaluation of a novel program that measures hospital-level disparity in readmission and rewards hospitals for improvement.

The predominance of nucleotidyl activation in bacterial phosphonate biosynthesis.

Phosphonates are rare and unusually bioactive natural products. However, most bacterial phosphonate biosynthetic capacity is dedicated to tailoring cell surfaces with molecules like 2-aminoethylphosphonate (AEP). Although phosphoenolpyruvate mutase (Ppm)-catalyzed installation of C-P bonds is known, subsequent phosphonyl tailoring (Pnt) pathway steps remain enigmatic.