Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sleep.

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, at rates much higher than the general population. Daytime behavioral problems and parental stress are associated with the resultant sleep deprivation. Behavioral interventions, parental education, and melatonin are effective treatments.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sleep.

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, at rates much higher than the general population. Daytime behavioral problems and parental stress are associated with the resultant sleep deprivation. Behavioral interventions, parental education, and melatonin are effective treatments.

Wall teichoic acids govern cationic gold nanoparticle interaction with Gram-positive bacterial cell walls.

Molecular-level understanding of nanomaterial interactions with bacterial cell surfaces can facilitate design of antimicrobial and antifouling surfaces and inform assessment of potential consequences of nanomaterial release into the environment. Here, we investigate the interaction of cationic nanoparticles with the main surface components of Gram-positive bacteria: peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. We employed intact cells and isolated cell walls from wild type and two mutant strains differing in wall teichoic acid composition to investigate interaction with gold nanoparticles functionalized with cationic, branched polyethylenimine.

Impact of an Inpatient Psychiatric Unit on Pediatric Emergency Mental Health Care.

Objectives: Mental health complaints are a frequent presentation to the pediatric emergency department (PED). It is unclear if having an on-site inpatient pediatric psychiatric unit impacts pediatric mental health care in the acute setting. The objective of this study was to compare PED mental health care between a pediatric tertiary care center with an associated inpatient child psychiatric unit (PAPED) and one that does not (NOPED) with the hypothesis that children have longer lengths of stay (LOS) at the PED without an inpatient unit.

The Effect of a Dedicated Psychiatric Team to Pediatric Emergency Mental Health Care.

Background: Pediatric emergency department (PED) visits among children and adolescents with acute mental health needs have increased over the past decade with long wait times in the PED awaiting disposition.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new pediatric mental health liaison program with the hypothesis that this model reduces length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization rates among pediatric mental health patients.

Methods: This was a pre- and postintervention retrospective study of the year prior to (June 2012-June 2013) and the year after (October 2013-October 2014) implementation of a new PED psychiatric team.

Impacts of gold nanoparticle charge and ligand type on surface binding and toxicity to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Although nanomaterials facilitate significant technological advancement in our society, their potential impacts on the environment are yet to be fully understood. In this study, two environmentally relevant bacteria, and , have been used as model organisms to elucidate the molecular interactions between these bacterial classes and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) with well-controlled and well-characterized surface chemistries: anionic 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), cationic 3-mercaptopropylamine (MPNH), and the cationic polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). The data demonstrate that cationic, especially polyelectrolyte-wrapped AuNPs, were more toxic to both the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Mental Health Utilization in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objective: Mental health complaints are frequent in the pediatric emergency department (PED). The objective of this study was to describe trends over time in PED utilization for mental health care at in a single pediatric tertiary care hospital. It is our hypothesis that the resources used by this patient population are high and that mental health-related visits have increased over the most recent decade.

Nocturnal sleep-wake parameters of adolescents at home following cancer chemotherapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive, longitudinal study was to describe objective nocturnal sleep-wake parameters of adolescents at home after receiving chemotherapy in the hospital or outpatient clinic and explore differences in sleep variables by age, gender, and corticosteroid use.

Methods: We collected 7 days of wrist actigraphy and sleep diary data from 48 adolescents (10-19 years) who were receiving cancer chemotherapy for a primary or secondary cancer or a relapse. The actigraphic sleep variables included rest interval (i.

Sleep quality and sleep hygiene behaviors of adolescents during chemotherapy.

Study Objectives: Describe the self-reported sleep quality and sleep hygiene behaviors of adolescents before diagnosis and during chemotherapy (CTX), compare their sleep quality and sleep hygiene behaviors with published normative data for healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic pain, and explore factors that predict sleep quality.

Methods: Subjects were 51 adolescents (10 to 19 years) receiving CTX for cancer. A questionnaire was used to assess sleep patterns prior to the adolescent's cancer diagnosis, and a 7-day sleep diary was used to assess subjective sleep-wake activity during CTX.

Sleep patterns in autism spectrum disorders.

Like children with other developmental disabilities, children with autism spectrum disorders suffer from sleep problems at a greater rate than typically developing children. It is increasingly recognized that addressing these sleep problems may improve daytime functioning and decrease family stress. The sleep problems experienced by children with autism spectrum disorders are presented in this article.

Review of disrupted sleep patterns in Smith-Magenis syndrome and normal melatonin secretion in a patient with an atypical interstitial 17p11.2 deletion.

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and behavior problems, including abnormal sleep patterns. It is most commonly due to a 3.5 Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 17 band p11.

Sleep hygiene for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Sleep disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities are common and have a profound effect on the quality of life of the child, as well as the entire family. Although interventions for sleep problems in these children often involve a combination of behavioral and pharmacologic strategies, the first line of treatment is the promotion of improved sleep habits or "hygiene." Despite the importance of sleep-hygiene principles, defined as basic optimal environmental, scheduling, sleep-practice, and physiologic sleep-promoting factors, clinicians often lack appropriate knowledge and skills to implement them.

Sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Children with autism spectrum disorders frequently have significant sleep problems, most commonly insomnia. Fortunately, a variety of treatments are available, including behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy. When establishing a treatment plan, it is imperative to understand the underlying etiology of the sleep problem, which in many cases is multifactorial.

Assessment and pharmacologic treatment of sleep disturbance in autism.

Like children with other developmental disabilities, children with autism spectrum disorders suffer with sleep problems at a higher rate than do typically developing children. There is a growing recognition that addressing these sleep problems may improve daytime functioning and decrease family stress. Presented here is a discussion of the sleep problems experienced by children with autism spectrum disorders, focusing on appropriate assessment and pharmacologic treatment.

Sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders.

The amount of research conducted on sleep in children and adolescents has increased dramatically over the past decade due to the recognition that many children have significant sleep problems leading to daytime dysfunction. Approximately one third of typically developing children have sleep difficulties at some point, and a similar percentage of adolescents have impaired or insufficient sleep leading to daytime impairments. Sleep problems are known to occur at even greater rates in children with special needs, such as those with developmental disabilities, psychiatric conditions, and medical illnesses.

Pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue in children with leukemia and their parents: a pilot study.

Purpose/objectives: To determine the feasibility of collecting symptom data at home from school-age children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and from their fathers and mothers and to obtain initial descriptions of pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue experienced by the family members at home.

Design: Prospective and descriptive.

Setting: Children's homes in Oregon and southwestern Washington.