Intracranial meningioma: A review of recent and emerging data on the utility of preoperative imaging for management.

Meningiomas are the most common neoplasms of the central nervous system, accounting for approximately 40% of all brain tumors. Surgical resection represents the mainstay of management for symptomatic lesions. Preoperative planning is largely informed by neuroimaging, which allows for evaluation of anatomy, degree of parenchymal invasion, and extent of peritumoral edema.

Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2: A Pathological Examination of Neurosurgical Specimens.

Background And Objectives: Neurological manifestations may occur in more than 80% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, including severe disruptions of the central nervous system (CNS), such as strokes, encephalitis, or seizures. Although the primary pathophysiological mechanism for the effects of COVID-19 in CNS remains unknown, evidence exists for both direct injury from neuroinvasion and indirect effects from disruptions in systemic inflammatory and coagulation pathways. In this study, we analyzed CNS tissue from living patients to better understand these processes.

ATM-Inhibitor AZD1390 Is a Radiosensitizer for Breast Cancer CNS Metastasis.

Purpose: Limited effective treatments are currently available for central nervous system (CNS) metastasis (CM). This is largely driven by the inability of current therapeutics to penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the lack of preclinical models for testing new therapies. Here we study the efficacy of AZD1390, a BBB penetrating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated inhibitor, as a radiosensitizer for breast cancer CM treatment.

Detection of perillyl alcohol and its metabolite perillic acid in postsurgical glioblastoma tissue after intranasal administration of NEO100: illustrative case.

Background: Intranasal delivery of NEO100, a pharmaceutical-grade version of the natural monoterpene perillyl alcohol (POH), is undergoing clinical phase IIa testing as a treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). However, so far there is no evidence that intranasal delivery of NEO100 indeed results in POH reaching intracranial malignancies in a patient.

Observations: After surgical removal of her recurrent GBM tumor, a patient received daily intranasal NEO100 therapy for more than 3 years before a second recurrence emerged.

Reducing body myopathy associated with the LIM2 p.(His123Arg) FHL1 variant.

Reducing body myopathy (RBM) is a rare muscle disorder, with marked presence of characteristic intracytoplasmic aggregates in affected muscle fibers. RBM is associated with FHL1 gene mutations. Clinical presentations of RBM have ranged from early fatal to adult onset progressive muscle weakness.

Comparative study of neuroendocrine acquisition and biomarker expression between neuroendocrine and usual prostatic carcinoma.

Background: Neuroendocrine prostatic carcinoma (NEPC) is uncommon. The pathogenesis, clinical association, and clinical implications of this disease are still evolving.

Methods: Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and genomic studies were used to investigate the incidence of NEPC in various clinicopathologic settings and the expression of various biomarkers in NEPC and non-NEPC as well as small cell NEPC.

Phase I trial of intranasal NEO100, highly purified perillyl alcohol, in adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Background: Better treatments for glioblastoma (GBM) patients, in particular in the recurrent setting, are urgently needed. Clinical trials performed in Brazil indicated that intranasal delivery of perillyl alcohol (POH) might be effective in this patient group. NEO100, a highly purified version of POH, was current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) manufactured to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this novel approach in a Phase I/IIa clinical trial in the United States.

ZBTB16: A new biomarker for primitive neuroectodermal tumor element / Ewing sarcoma.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) traditionally encompasses two different classes of tumors with similar morphology - PNET of the peripheral nervous system (pPNET) and PNET of the central nervous system (cPNET). The latter also includes germ cell tumor-derived PNET (gPNET). There are currently no specific markers for gPNET.

Recurrent Rathke's Cleft Cysts: Incidence and Surgical Management in a Tertiary Pituitary Center over 2 Decades.

Background: Limited data exist pertaining to outcomes following surgery for recurrent Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC).

Objective: To determine treatment outcomes in patients undergoing reoperation for recurrent or residual RCCs.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 112 consecutive RCC operations in 109 patients between 1995 and 2017 was conducted.

Quadruple Neoplasms following Radiation Therapy for Congenital Bilateral Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe a 34-year-old male with hereditary bilateral retinoblastoma treated with radiotherapy as a child who developed 4 distinct tumors within the radiation field.

Methods: A 34-year-old male with bilateral retinoblastoma status postradiation therapy and recurrence requiring enucleation presented with left-eye visual acuity changes. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a left orbital mass and a right parasellar complex lobulated mass (right sphenoid and right cavernous sinus).

A quantitative study of α-synuclein pathology in fifteen cases of dementia associated with Parkinson disease.

The α-synuclein-immunoreactive pathology of dementia associated with Parkinson disease (DPD) comprises Lewy bodies (LB), Lewy neurites (LN), and Lewy grains (LG). The densities of LB, LN, LG together with vacuoles, neurons, abnormally enlarged neurons (EN), and glial cell nuclei were measured in fifteen cases of DPD. Densities of LN and LG were up to 19 and 70 times those of LB, respectively, depending on region.

Recurrent adult-onset hypophyseal Langerhans cell histiocytosis after radiotherapy: a case report.

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease within the adult population, with very few cases reported as solitary hypophyseal lesions in adults. Of the reported cases, most have been treated successfully with surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. Radiotherapy has been thought to be curative at the relatively low dose of 20Gy.

Ligand-induced changes in estrogen receptor conformation as measured by site-directed spin labeling.

Site-directed spin labeling (SDSL), the site-specific incorporation of nitroxide spin-labels into a protein, has allowed us to investigate ligand-induced conformational changes in the ligand-binding domain of human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha-LBD). EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy of the nitroxide probe attached to ER produces different spectra depending upon the identity of the bound ligand; these differences are indicative of changes in the type and degree of motional character of the spin-label induced by different ligand-induced conformations of labeled ER. Visual inspection of EPR spectra, construction of B versus C cross-correlation plots, and cross-comparison of spectral pairs using a relative squared difference (RSD) calculation allowed receptor-ligand complexes to be profiled according to their conformational character.

Estrogen receptor dimerization: ligand binding regulates dimer affinity and dimer dissociation rate.

Nuclear receptors form strong dimers that are essential for their function as transcription factors, and it is thought that ligand binding can affect dimer stability. In this report, we describe convenient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based methods for measuring the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of dimers of the estrogen receptor-alpha ligand-binding domain (ERalpha-LBD). We have developed receptors that are chemically labeled with a single fluorophore in a site-specific manner.