Impartial Intergenerational Beneficence: The Psychology of Feeling (Equal) Intergenerational Concern for All Future Generations.

Across a series of eight high-powered studies ( = 6,866), we develop a method for assessing impartial intergenerational beneficence, defined as intergenerational concern for all possible future generations. Across our studies, roughly 20% of participants displayed impartial intergenerational beneficence. Participants with impartial intergenerational beneficence expressed greater perceptions that future threats can be resolved, support for policies seeking to protect future generations of people, and a profound sense of responsibility for the long-term survival and prosperity of humanity.

The Probabilistic Price of Life Across Time: Generational and Probabilistic Distance Render a Life Today Worth More Than Ten Tomorrow.

Is the certainty of saving a life today worth more than the less-certain possibility of saving 10 lives tomorrow? In six pre-registered studies with U.S. samples from Prolific ( = 5,095), we employed an intergenerational probability discounting task, discovering people discount the value of life as uncertainty and intergenerational distance from the present increase.

Moral Future-Thinking: Does the Moral Circle Stand the Test of Time?

Humanity's long-term welfare may lie in the hands of those who are presently living, raising the question of whether people today hold the generations of tomorrow in their moral circles. Five studies (N = 1652; Prolific) reveal present-oriented bias in the moral standing of future generations, with greater perceived moral obligation, moral concern, and prosocial intentions for proximal relative to distal future targets. Yet, present-oriented bias appears stronger for socially close compared with socially distant targets and for human targets relative to non-human animals and entities in nature.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumors: A SEER Database Analysis.

Background/objectives: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) represent a rare mesenchymal malignancy that can occur anywhere in the body. Due to the low prevalence of the disease, there is a lack of contemporary data regarding patient demographics and cancer-control outcomes.

Methods: Within the SEER database (2000-2019), we identified 1134 patients diagnosed with malignant SFTs.

Responsibility to future generations: A strategy for combatting climate change across political divides.

Individuals and governments often fail to take action to address climate change owing largely to widespread politicization of the issue and related discourse. In response to recent appeals for non-partisan approaches to pro-environmentalism, we propose that highlighting one's responsibility to future generations (RFG) could offer promise across the political spectrum. We argue that RFG may be effective because it is widely endorsed, uncorrelated with demographic indicators and less tied to political ideology compared to other forms of responsibility, such as personal responsibility for climate change mitigation.

Intergenerational concern relates to constructive coping and emotional reactions to climate change via increased legacy concerns and environmental cognitive alternatives.

As the threat of climate change looms large, and we experience first-hand the impacts of rapid global warming, researchers and clinicians emphasize the need to better understand the impact of these changes on our mental health. Existing research suggests that coping with and emotional reactions to climate change can promote action to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change and reduce its negative impacts to one's mental health. In this pre-registered study (N = 771) we examined whether people who display extreme intergenerational concern would also constructively cope with climate change.

Ethical reasoning versus empathic bias: a false dichotomy?

Does empathy necessarily impede equity in altruism? Emerging findings from cognitive and affective science suggest that rationality and empathy are mutually compatible, contradicting some earlier, prominent arguments that empathy impedes equitable giving. We propose alternative conceptualizations of relationships among empathy, rationality, and equity, drawing on interdisciplinary advances in altruism research.

Regional differences in stage distribution and rates of treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma across United States SEER registries.

Background: We tested for regional differences across United States (US) in rates of adrenalectomy, systemic therapy, and adrenalectomy and systemic therapy combination for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) patients. We hypothesized that no differences exist, especially after accounting for baseline patient and tumor characteristics.

Methods: Within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2018), 1275 ACC patients were identified.

Differences in Survival of Clear Cell Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma According to Partial vs. Radical Cytoreductive Nephrectomy.

Background: It is unknown whether previously reported other-cause mortality (OCM) advantage of partial cytoreductive nephrectomy (PCN) vs. radical cytoreductive nephrectomy (RCN) still applies to contemporary clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (ccmRCC) patients.

Materials And Methods: We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2019) to identify ccmRCC patients treated with PCN and RCN.

The impact of 5-ARI on perioperative and functional outcomes of GreenLight PVP: an analysis of the Global GreenLight Group database.

Introduction: In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARI) on the perioperative and functional outcomes of 180-Watt XPS GreenLight photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) using a large international database.

Materials And Methods: Data were obtained from the Global GreenLight Group (GGG) database, which includes eight high-volume, experienced surgeons from seven international centers.  All men with established benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with known 5-ARI status who underwent GreenLight PVP using the XPS-180W system between 2011 and 2019 were eligible for the study.

Survival of Testicular Pure Embryonal Carcinoma vs. Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Patients across All Stages.

: The impact of pure histological subtypes in testicular non-seminoma germ cell tumors on survival, specifically regarding pure embryonal carcinoma, is not well established. Therefore, this study aimed to test for differences between pure embryonal carcinoma and mixed germ cell tumor patients within stages I, II and III in a large population-based database. : We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2019) to identify testicular pure embryonal carcinoma vs.

Safety and efficacy of GreenLight PVP in octogenarians: evaluation of the Global GreenLight Group database.

Introduction: The present study analyzes the largest international GreenLight database, the Global GreenLight Group (GGG), to evaluate the functional and safety profile of GreenLight photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in octogenarians.

Methods: The GGG is a database comprised of patients that underwent GreenLight PVP from 2011 to 2019 performed by 8 experienced urologists at 7 international hospitals. Patients 80 years or older at the time of surgery were categorized as octogenarians.

Contemporary conditional cancer-specific survival rates in surgically treated adrenocortical carcinoma patients: A stage-specific analysis.

Background And Objectives: We examined the effect of disease-free interval (DFI) duration on cancer-specific mortality (CSM)-free survival, otherwise known as the effect of conditional survival, in surgically treated adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) patients.

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2018), 867 ACC patients treated with adrenalectomy were identified. Conditional survival estimates at 5-years were assessed based on DFI duration and according to stage at presentation.

Global experience and progress in GreenLight-XPS 180-Watt photoselective vaporization of the prostate.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in global perioperative data of GreenLight-XPS 180-Watt photo-selective vaporization of the prostate (GL-XPS) of the Global Greenlight Group (GGG) database.

Methods: 3441 men, who underwent GL-XPS for symptomatic BPH between 2011 and 2019 at seven high volume international centers, were included. Primary outcome measurements were operative time (OT; min), effective laser time (LT; min of OT), as well as intraoperative and postoperative adverse events (AEs), all analyzed by year of surgery (2011-2019) and prostate volume (PV) group (< 80 ml vs.

GreenLight photovaporization of the prostate in high-medical-risk patients: an analysis of the Global GreenLight Group (GGG) database.

Purpose: We sought to characterize the adjusted outcomes of GreenLight photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in high-medical-risk (HMR) patients using data from the largest international database.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global GreenLight Group (GGG) database which pools data of eight high-volume, experienced surgeons, from a total of seven international centers. Eligible study participants underwent GreenLight PVP using the XPS-180 W system between 2011 and 2019.

Against Empathy Bias: The Moral Value of Equitable Empathy.

Empathy has long been considered central to living a moral life. However, mounting evidence has shown that people's empathy is often biased toward (i.e.

Biased Benevolence: The Perceived Morality of Effective Altruism Across Social Distance.

Is altruism always morally good, or is the morality of altruism fundamentally shaped by the social opportunity costs that often accompany helping decisions? Across four studies, we reveal that in cases of realistic tradeoffs in social distance for gains in welfare where helping socially distant others necessitates helping socially closer others with the same resources, helping is deemed as less morally acceptable. Making helping decisions at a cost to socially closer others also negatively affects judgments of relationship quality (Study 2) and in turn, decreases cooperative behavior with the helper (Study 3). Ruling out an alternative explanation of physical distance accounting for the effects in Studies 1 to 3, social distance continued to impact moral acceptability when physical distance across social targets was matched (Study 4).

Global Greenlight Group: largest international Greenlight experience for benign prostatic hyperplasia to assess efficacy and safety.

Introduction: Greenlight photo-selective vaporization of the prostate (GL-PVP) has gained international acceptance as a safe and effective alternative procedure for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), especially in anticoagulated men. This descriptive analysis aims to characterize the current state of GL-PVP, pooling data from international centers.

Methods: Data from 3627 patients who underwent GL-PVP with the XPS-180 W system in seven international centers performed by eight expert surgeons between 2011 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

A Novel Method for GreenLight MoXy Laser Fiber Irrigation System to Improve Performance and Durability: A New Standard of Care?

The GreenLight™ MoXy laser fiber has been used since 2010 for benign prostatic hyperplasia procedures. We tested a novel principle to increase the saline irrigation flow rates beyond the current standard of gravity drip (∼22 cc/minutes) within the fiber-attached cooling system to potentially prevent excessive tissue adherence and to eliminate the likelihood of degradation due to abnormal overheating. The objective was to assess differences between the ordinary and active pumping methods with ≥2 times flow rate after conditioning of the laser fiber.

Impact of the presence of a median lobe on functional outcomes of greenlight photovaporization of the prostate (PVP): an analysis of the Global Greenlight Group (GGG) Database.

Objectives: Previous analyses of the impact of median lobe presence on Greenlight photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) outcomes were limited by their small sample size and the ability to adjust for important confounders. As such, we sought to investigate the impact of prostate median lobe presence on the operative outcomes of 180 W XPS GreenLight PVP using a large international database.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global GreenLight Group (GGG) database which pools data of eight high-volume, experienced surgeons, from a total of seven international centers.

Reasons to believe in vaporization: a review of the benefits of photo-selective and transurethral vaporization.

Purpose: In the current review, we will discuss the state of the literature of vaporization of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). We discuss two methods of vaporization of the prostate: Transurethral Vaporization of the Prostate (TUVP) and Greenlight Photo-selective Vaporization of the Prostate (PVP).

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was performed on TUVP and PVP.

Diagnosis of prostate cancer: the implications and proper utilization of PSA and its variants; indications and use of MRI and biomarkers.

Prostate cancer screening remains highly controversial in medicine. The College of Family Physicians of Canada currently endorses positions that recommend against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in men of all ages, while the Canadian Urological Association recommends shared and informed decision making for PSA screening in men 50-70 years old. Unfortunately, these opposing stances have left Family Physicians responsible for interpreting the appropriate course of action for their patients.

Functional and perioperative outcomes in elderly men after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

Purpose: We aimed to compare postoperative functional outcomes following robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in elderly men with localized prostate cancer.

Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of men who underwent RARP between January 2007 and November 2018 was performed. Patients over 65 years of age were selected (N = 302) and then stratified by age group: 66-69 years old (N = 214) and ≥ 70 years old (N = 88).