Differential hepatic activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α by perfluorohexane sulfonate.

Exposure of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is associated with hepatomegaly and accumulation of lipids that may be mediated by nuclear receptors like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), or pregnane X receptor (PXR). This study tested the hypotheses that: 1) PFHxS causes changes in liver by activating PPARα, CAR or PXR, and 2) there is a species difference in PPARα activity by PFHxS. Wild-type, Ppara-null, and PPARA-humanized mice were fed either a control diet, or one containing 2.