Analysis of Longitudinal Assessment: Role of Radiology Online Longitudinal Assessment-Type Questions.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to assess gaps in radiologists' medical knowledge using abdominal subspecialty online longitudinal assessment (OLA)-type questions. Secondarily, we evaluated what question-centric factors influenced radiologists to pursue self-directed additional reading on topics presented.

Methods: A prospective OLA-type test was distributed nationally to radiologists over a 4-month period.

Diffuse Axonal Injury Pattern Predicts Timing of In-Hospital Neurologic Recovery: A Retrospective Case Series.

Background: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a devastating traumatic neurologic injury with variable prognosis. Although outcomes such as mortality have been described, the time course of neurologic progression is poorly understood. We investigated the association between DAI neuroanatomic injury pattern and neurologic recovery timing.

Novel application of the Rotterdam CT score in the prediction of intracranial hypertension following severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with intracranial hypertension (ICHTN). The Rotterdam CT score (RS) can predict clinical outcomes following TBI, but the relationship between the RS and ICHTN is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical and radiological factors that predict ICHTN in patients with severe TBI.

SARS-CoV-2 incidence, testing rates, and severe COVID-19 outcomes among people with and without HIV.

To assess SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, we matched a municipal COVID-19 registry and clinic rosters from a municipal primary care network containing a large HIV clinic and assessed clinical outcomes by HIV status. The risk of severe COVID-19 was higher among people with HIV (PWH, adjusted relative risk = 1.84, 95% confidence interval = 1.

Extraosseous Ewing's Sarcoma: Pictorial Review of Imaging Findings, Differential Diagnosis, and Pathologic Correlation.

Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EES), first described in 1969, is a malignant mesenchymal tumor just like its intraosseous counterpart. Although Ewing's sarcomas are common bone tumors in young children, EESs are rarer and more commonly found in older children/adults, often carrying a poorer prognosis. We discuss the multimodality imaging features of EES and the differential diagnosis of an aggressive appearing mass in proximity to skeletal structures, with pathologic correlates.

Sexually dimorphic radiogenomic models identify distinct imaging and biological pathways that are prognostic of overall survival in glioblastoma.

Background: Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that sexual dimorphism influences treatment response and prognostic outcome in glioblastoma (GBM). To this end, we sought to (i) identify distinct sex-specific radiomic phenotypes-from tumor subcompartments (peritumoral edema, enhancing tumor, and necrotic core) using pretreatment MRI scans-that are prognostic of overall survival (OS) in GBMs, and (ii) investigate radiogenomic associations of the MRI-based phenotypes with corresponding transcriptomic data, to identify the signaling pathways that drive sex-specific tumor biology and treatment response in GBM.

Methods: In a retrospective setting, 313 GBM patients (male = 196, female = 117) were curated from multiple institutions for radiomic analysis, where 130 were used for training and independently validated on a cohort of 183 patients.

Appendiceal diverticulosis in a patient with family history of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome--a case report.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes patients to cutaneous tumors, pulmonary cysts with recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces, and a variety of renal neoplasms including hybrid oncocytic and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. There has been much debate regarding the genetic link with the occurrence of colorectal cancer and other colonic anomalies. Associations between BHD and intestinal adenomatous polyposis and sigmoid diverticulosis have been described in the literature, but there have been no prior reports of appendiceal diverticulosis in patients with BHD.

Safe and unsafe spaces: Non-fatal overdose, arrest, and receptive syringe sharing among people who inject drugs in public and semi-public spaces in Baltimore City.

The spaces in which drug use occurs constitutes a key aspect of the "risk environment" of people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to add nuance to the characterization of "safe" and "unsafe" spaces in PWID's environments to further understand how these spaces amplify the risk of morbidities associated with injection drug use. PWID were recruited through the Baltimore City syringe service program and through peer referral.

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising in adductor magnus with metastatic foci.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare and aggressive chondrogenic neoplasm arising from the bone or the soft tissue. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas develop outside the osseous structures in about one-third of cases, and the majority of these occur in the meninges and the brain parenchyma. Intramuscular extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMC) is exceedingly rare, with very few cases reported in the literature.

Lymphoepithelial cyst as a herald of HIV seropositivity in a patient with known history of neurocysticercosis and suspected parotid cysticercosis.

Among those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, salivary gland pathology and other less common signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity are emerging. Generally speaking, lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid gland are uncommon with a reported incidence of 0.6%, but they are beginning to overtake other oral lesions such as candidiasis as predominant oral manifestations of clinical HIV infection.