Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Adipose-Derived Stem Cell and Autologous Fat Graft Survival in a Mouse Model.

Background: Autologous fat grafting is a popular reconstructive technique, but is limited by inconsistent graft retention. The authors examined whether a widely available, clinically safe antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, could improve adipose-derived stem cell survival and graft take when added to tumescent solution during fat harvest.

Methods: Inguinal fat pads were harvested from C57BL/6 mice using tumescent solution with or without N-acetylcysteine.

Alternatively activated M2 macrophages improve autologous Fat Graft survival in a mouse model through induction of angiogenesis.

Background: Variability in graft retention with subsequent undercorrection remains a significant limitation of autologous fat grafting. The authors evaluated whether graft retention in a mouse model could be improved via graft supplementation with alternatively activated M2 macrophages, cells known to play a critical role in tissue repair.

Methods: Grafts from C57BL/6 mouse inguinal fat pads were supplemented with M2 macrophages generated by intraperitoneal Brewer's thioglycollate injection and in vitro culture.

Plasminogen receptor S100A10 is essential for the migration of tumor-promoting macrophages into tumor sites.

Macrophages are critical drivers of tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Movement of macrophages into tumors requires the activity of cell surface proteases such as plasmin. In this study, we offer genetic evidence that plasminogen receptor S100A10 is essential for recruitment of macrophages to the tumor site.

The role of the annexin A2 heterotetramer in vascular fibrinolysis.

The vascular endothelial cells line the inner surface of blood vessels and function to maintain blood fluidity by producing the protease plasmin that removes blood clots from the vasculature, a process called fibrinolysis. Plasminogen receptors play a central role in the regulation of plasmin activity. The protein complex annexin A2 heterotetramer (AIIt) is an important plasminogen receptor at the surface of the endothelial cell.

Regulation of fibrinolysis by S100A10 in vivo.

Endothelial cells form the inner lining of vascular networks and maintain blood fluidity by inhibiting blood coagulation and promoting blood clot dissolution (fibrinolysis). Plasmin, the primary fibrinolytic enzyme, is generated by the cleavage of the plasma protein, plasminogen, by its activator, tissue plasminogen activator. This reaction is regulated by plasminogen receptors at the surface of the vascular endothelial cells.

NUCLEOMORPH KARYOTYPE DIVERSITY IN THE FRESHWATER CRYPTOPHYTE GENUS CRYPTOMONAS(1).

Cryptophytes are unicellular, biflagellate algae with plastids (chloroplasts) derived from the uptake of a red algal endosymbiont. These organisms are unusual in that the nucleus of the engulfed red alga persists in a highly reduced form called a nucleomorph. Nucleomorph genomes are remarkable in their small size (<1,000 kilobase pairs [kbp]) and high degree of compaction (∼1 kbp per gene).