Spontaneous Diffuse Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Polytrauma and Orthopedic Fixation: A Case Report with Brief Review of Literature.

Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a skin condition driven by neutrophil activation resulting in painful ulcers with undermining borders and surrounding erythema. This can be seen, although rarely, post-traumatically. It has been reported in the setting of orthopedic trauma with only 31 cases reported in English literature after orthopedic surgery.

A primer on investigating treatment effect heterogeneity and causal moderation in psychotherapy research.

Objective: Experimental designs provide strong evidence for causal claims involving the main effects of a treatment but analyzes that solely focus on the main effects are inherently limited. Considerations for effect heterogeneity allow psychotherapy researchers to investigate for whom and under what conditions a treatment is likely to be effective. Evidence of causal moderation requires more stringent assumptions but is an important extension of treatment effect heterogeneity when interventions on the moderator are possible.

Assessing whole-sounder removal versus traditional control for reducing invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa) populations.

Background: Trapping is commonly used as the primary management tool in attempts to reduce invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa), but traditional trapping techniques are often ineffective. However, recently developed traps permit the capture of entire social groups (sounders) of wild pigs, and the strategy of whole-sounder removal may achieve more effective control. Our objective was to experimentally compare traditional control (TC; primarily traditional trapping, but including hunting with dogs, and opportunistic shooting) and whole-sounder removal (WSR) strategies by assessing density reduction and removal rate after 1 and 2 years of treatment.

Croon's Bias-Corrected Estimation for Multilevel Structural Equation Models with Non-Normal Indicators and Model Misspecifications.

Multilevel structural equation models (MSEMs) are well suited for educational research because they accommodate complex systems involving latent variables in multilevel settings. Estimation using Croon's bias-corrected factor score (BCFS) path estimation has recently been extended to MSEMs and demonstrated promise with limited sample sizes. This makes it well suited for planned educational research which often involves sample sizes constrained by logistical and financial factors.

Pediatric Posterior Sternoclavicular Dislocation Closed Reduction and Management.

Posterior sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocations are rare shoulder girdle injuries. Despite the paucity of cases, posterior SCJ dislocations pose an important threat to patient safety because of the proximity of the medial clavicle to the mediastinum, resulting in possible compression and/or injury to these structures. Current guidelines recommend attempting closed reduction in the acute setting followed by open reduction if closed reduction is unsuccessful.

Effect of Age at Primary Intraocular Lens Implantation on Refractive Growth in Young Children.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of age at primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on rate of refractive growth (RRG3) during childhood.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for children undergoing primary IOL implantation during cataract surgery. RRG3 was calculated for one eye from each patient using the first postoperative refraction, last refraction that remained stable (< 1.

Artificial Light Increases Local Predator Abundance, Predation Rates, and Herbivory.

Human activity is rapidly increasing the radiance and geographic extent of artificial light at night (ALAN) leading to alterations in the development, behavior, and physiological state of many organisms. A limited number of community-scale studies investigating the effects of ALAN have allowed for spatial aggregation through positive phototaxis, the commonly observed phenomenon of arthropod movement toward light. We performed an open field study (without restricted arthropod access) to determine the effects of ALAN on local arthropod community composition, plant traits, and local herbivory and predation rates.

Success and failure of ecological management is highly variable in an experimental test.

When managing natural systems, the importance of recognizing the role of uncertainty has been formalized as the precautionary approach. However, it is difficult to determine the role of stochasticity in the success or failure of management because there is almost always no replication; typically, only a single observation exists for a particular site or management strategy. Yet, assessing the role of stochasticity is important for providing a strong foundation for the precautionary approach, and learning from past outcomes is critical for implementing adaptive management of species or ecosystems.

Optimal Design of Cluster- and Multisite-Randomized Studies Using Fallible Outcome Measures.

Background: Evaluation studies frequently draw on fallible outcomes that contain significant measurement error. Ignoring outcome measurement error in the planning stages can undermine the sufficiency and efficiency of an otherwise well-designed study and can further constrain the evidence studies bring to bear on the effectiveness of programs.

Objectives: We develop simple formulas to adjust statistical power, minimum detectable effect (MDE), and optimal sample allocation formulas for two-level cluster- and multisite-randomized designs when the outcome is subject to measurement error.

Clinical outcomes involving patients that develop septic arthritis with methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus versus methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.

Septic Arthritis is an orthopedic emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen causing septic arthritis. This review seeks to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with patients with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) vs.

Genome assembly with in vitro proximity ligation data and whole-genome triplication in lettuce.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a major crop and a member of the large, highly successful Compositae family of flowering plants. Here we present a reference assembly for the species and family. This was generated using whole-genome shotgun Illumina reads plus in vitro proximity ligation data to create large superscaffolds; it was validated genetically and superscaffolds were oriented in genetic bins ordered along nine chromosomal pseudomolecules.

Role of Vismodegib in the Management of Advanced Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Vismodegib is the first selective hedgehog pathway inhibitor approved to treat locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Limited information is available concerning its role in managing advanced BCC around the eye.

Methods: The medical literature was searched for cases of nonsyndromic periocular BCC treated with vismodegib.

Postoperative shift in ocular alignment following single vertical rectus recession on adjustable suture in adults without thyroid eye disease.

Purpose: To determine whether overcorrection shifts occur after vertical rectus recession on adjustable suture in the absence of thyroid eye disease.

Methods: The medical records of patients without thyroid eye disease who underwent vertical rectus recession surgery from 2001 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed for shifts in alignment between suture adjustment at postoperative day 1 and 2 months' follow-up. Superior rectus and inferior rectus recessions were compared.

Phenotypic expression of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in patients homozygous for the common M390R mutation in the BBS1 gene.

Purpose: To characterize the phenotype of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) patients homozygous for the BBS1 M390R mutation.

Methods: Three patients [PT1, F, 27 years old (yo) at last examination, 14-year follow-up (F/U) PT2, F, 15-yo PT3, M, 15-yo, both 1-year F/U] underwent eye exams, Goldmann visual fields (GVFs), dark- (DA) and light-adapted (LA) electroretinograms (ERGs), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Vision and systemic history were also collected.