Some Believe, Not All Achieve: The Role of Active Learning Practices in Anxiety and Academic Self-Efficacy in First-Generation College Students.

First-generation college students face a variety of barriers in higher education compared with their continuing-generation peers. Active learning practices in STEM classrooms can potentially narrow the achievement gap by increasing academic self-efficacy, or confidence in academic abilities. However, these practices can also provoke anxiety in students.

The L33F darunavir resistance mutation acts as a molecular anchor reducing the flexibility of the HIV-1 protease 30s and 80s loops.

HIV-1 protease (PR) is a 99 amino acid protein responsible for proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein - an essential step in the HIV-1 life cycle. Drug resistance mutations in PR that are selected during antiretroviral therapy lead to reduced efficacy of protease inhibitors (PI) including darunavir (DRV). To identify the structural mechanisms associated with the DRV resistance mutation L33F, we performed X-ray crystallographic studies with a multi-drug resistant HIV-1 protease isolate that contains the L33F mutation (MDR769 L33F).

The role of mutations at codons 32, 47, 54, and 90 in HIV-1 protease flap dynamics.

Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus remains challenging due to the emergence of drug resistant strains under the selective pressure produced by standard anti-retroviral therapy. To explore the structural mechanisms of drug resistance, we performed 40 ns molecular dynamics simulations on three multi-drug resistant HIV-1 protease clinical isolates from patients attending an infectious diseases clinic in Detroit, MI. We identify a novel structural role for the I47V, V32I, I54M and L90M major resistance mutations in flap opening and closure of MDR-PR isolates.

Dissipation, half-lives, and mass spectrometric identification of endosulfan isomers and the sulfate metabolite on three field-grown vegetables.

Endosulfan 3 EC, a mixture of α- and β-stereo isomers, was sprayed on field-grown pepper, melon, and sweet potato plants at the recommended rate of 0.44 kg A.I.

Recovery of proprioceptive feedback from nerve crush.

Sensorimotor functions are restored by peripheral nerve regeneration with greater success following injuries that crush rather than sever the nerve. Better recovery following nerve crush is commonly attributed to superior reconnection of regenerating axons with their original peripheral targets. The present study was designed to estimate the fraction of stretch reflex recovery attributable to functional recovery of regenerated spindle afferents.

The implications of force feedback for the lambda model.

It is argued here that length and force feedback play important but distinct roles in motor coordination. Length feedback compensates for several nonlinear properties of muscle and therefore simplifies its behavior, but in addition promotes the nonlinear relationship between force and stiffness that is essential to the mechanism for modulating joint stiffness. Excitatory force feedback is also primarily autogenic.

Heterogenic feedback between hindlimb extensors in the spontaneously locomoting premammillary cat.

Electrophysiological studies in anesthetized animals have revealed that pathways carrying force information from Golgi tendon organs in antigravity muscles mediate widespread inhibition among other antigravity muscles in the feline hindlimb. More recent evidence in paralyzed or nonparalyzed decerebrate cats has shown that some inhibitory pathways are suppressed and separate excitatory pathways from Golgi tendon organ afferents are opened on the transition from steady force production to locomotor activity. To obtain additional insight into the functions of these pathways during locomotion, we investigated the distribution of force-dependent inhibition and excitation during spontaneous locomotion and during constant force exertion in the premammillary decerebrate cat.