Associations between accurate measures of adiposity and fitness, blood proteins, and insulin sensitivity among South Asians and Europeans.

Objective: South Asians (SAs) may possess a unique predisposition to insulin resistance (IR). We explored this possibility by investigating the relationship between 'gold standard' measures of adiposity, fitness, selected proteomic biomarkers, and insulin sensitivity among a cohort of SAs and Europeans (EURs).

Methods: A total of 46 SAs and 41 EURs completed 'conventional' (lifestyle questionnaires, standard physical exam) as well as 'gold standard' (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and insulin suppression test) assessments of adiposity, fitness, and insulin sensitivity.

Strength training is more effective than aerobic exercise for improving glycaemic control and body composition in people with normal-weight type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Type 2 diabetes in people in the healthy weight BMI category (<25 kg/m), herein defined as 'normal-weight type 2 diabetes', is associated with sarcopenia (low muscle mass). Given this unique body composition, the optimal exercise regimen for this population is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a parallel-group RCT in individuals with type 2 diabetes (age 18-80 years, HbA 47.

Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) Varies with Correction for Tissue Thickness Versus Body Mass Index: Implications When Using Pediatric Reference Norms.

Trabecular bone score (TBS) derived from secondary analysis of lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans improves fracture prediction independent of bone mineral density (BMD) in adults. The utility of TBS to assess fracture risk in younger patients has not been established because pediatric norms have been lacking. Robust TBS reference data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS) have been published.

Correlates of low bone mass in children with generalized forms of epidermolysis bullosa.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a family of rare, heterogeneous, genetic disorders characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes. Reduced bone mass and fractures have been recognized as complications of generalized forms of EB.

Objectives: We sought to describe the range and to estimate the prevalence of low bone mass in children with generalized EB, and to identify correlates of low bone mass in this population.

Effect of oral contraceptives on weight and body composition in young female runners.

Purpose: To examine the effect of oral contraceptives (OC) on body weight, fat mass, percent body fat, and lean mass in young female distance runners.

Methods: The study population consisted of 150 female competitive distance runners aged 18-26 yr who had participated in a 2-yr randomized trial of the effect of the OC Lo/Ovral (30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.3 mg of norgestrel) on bone health.

The effect of oral contraceptives on bone mass and stress fractures in female runners.

Purpose: To determine the effect of oral contraceptives (OC) on bone mass and stress fracture incidence in young female distance runners.

Methods: One hundred fifty competitive female runners ages 18-26 yr were randomly assigned to OC (30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.3 mg of norgestrel) or control (no intervention) for 2 yr.

Effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women.

Deficiency of oestrogen at menopause decreases intestinal Ca absorption, contributing to a negative Ca balance and bone loss. Mg deficiency has also been associated with bone loss. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that treatment with a spray-dried mixture of chicory oligofructose and long-chain inulin (Synergy1; SYN1) would increase the absorption of both Ca and Mg and alter markers of bone turnover.

Novel, high-frequency, low-strain mechanical loading for premenopausal women with low bone mass: early findings.

Universally safe and effective methods of mechanically loading the skeleton to improve strength and prevent fracture have yet to be identified. To be osteogenic, mechanical strains must either be of substantial magnitude or applied at high frequency (>15 Hz). High-magnitude loads place frail bones at risk of fracture.

Normalization of bone density in a previously amenorrheic runner with osteoporosis.

Purpose: To examine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in relation to pharmacological and nutritional interventions in a distance runner diagnosed with the female athlete triad of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.

Methods: BMD of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and total proximal femur were measured from ages 22.9 to 30.