Drug-Resistance Biomarkers in Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Organoid and Fibroblast Co-Culture System.

Colorectal cancer, the third most commonly occurring tumor worldwide, poses challenges owing to its high mortality rate and persistent drug resistance in metastatic cases. We investigated the tumor microenvironment, emphasizing the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the progression and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer. We used an indirect co-culture system comprising colorectal cancer organoids and cancer-associated fibroblasts to simulate the tumor microenvironment.

New Monocyclic Terpenoid Lactones from a Brown Algae as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.

Algae are unique natural products that can produce various types of biologically active compounds. The 70% ethanol extract of brown algae collected from the East Sea of Korea inhibited human monoamine oxidases A and B enzymes (MAO-A and MAO-B) at a 50 μg/mL concentration. The bioassay-guided isolation was performed through solid-phase extraction and the Sepbox system followed by serial high-performance liquid chromatography on the reverse phase condition, resulting in the identification of two new monocyclic terpenoid lactones, sargassumins A and B ( and ).

Constituents of and Their Neuroprotective Effects in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal, R28 Retinal Cells, and BV2 Microglial Cells.

is widely used in traditional medicine and contains various types of metabolites with pharmacological activity. In the course of searching for neuroprotective molecules associated with the potential of in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, two new phenolic compounds ( and ) and a new tripeptide (), together with 16 known compounds (-), were isolated from the rhizomes of . The structures of the compounds were determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic data, including nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data.