The Influences of Macronutrients on Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers, and Fracture Risk in Elderly People: A Review of Human Studies.

Osteoporosis is a health condition that involves weak bone mass and a deteriorated microstructure, which consequently lead to an increased risk of bone fractures with age. In elderly people, a fracture attributable to osteoporosis elevates mortality. The objective of this review was to examine the effects of macronutrients on bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers (BTMs), and bone fracture in elderly people based on human studies.