Assessing the 9G Technology Blood Test for Predicting Lung Cancer in Patients with CT-Detected Lung Nodules: A Multicenter Clinical Trial.

: Lung nodules detected by chest computed tomography (CT) often require invasive biopsies for definitive diagnosis, leading to unnecessary procedures for benign lesions. A blood-based biomarker test that predicts lung cancer risk in CT-detected nodules could help stratify patients and direct invasive diagnostics toward high-risk individuals. : In this multicenter, single-blinded clinical trial, we evaluated a test measuring plasma levels of p53, anti-p53 autoantibodies, CYFRA 21-1, and anti-CYFRA 21-1 autoantibodies in patients with CT-detected lung nodules.

TLR2-EGR1 signaling axis modulates TGFβ1-induced differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung condition characterized by the excessive activation of myofibroblasts. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) plays a crucial role in the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. In addition, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), known for its role in immune responses, contributes to pulmonary fibrosis by promoting myofibroblast differentiation.

Discrimination of Lung Cancer and Benign Lung Diseases Using BALF Exosome DNA Methylation Profile.

Benign lung diseases are common and often do not require specific treatment, but they pose challenges in the distinguishing of them from lung cancer during low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). This study presents a comprehensive methylation analysis using real-time PCR for minimally invasive diagnoses of lung cancer via employing BALF exosome DNA. A panel of seven epigenetic biomarkers was identified, exhibiting specific methylation patterns in lung cancer BALF exosome DNA.

Real-world outcome of crizotinib for anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive lung cancer: Multicenter retrospective analysis in South Korea.

Background: About 3%-5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents positive anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Recently, several target agents have been approved as a treatment for ALK-positive NSCLC. This study aimed to analyze the real-world efficacy and outcome when administered crizotinib, the first approved target agent for ALK-positive NSCLC, according to first- or late-line treatment.

Real-world first-line afatinib for advanced mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer in Korea: updated survival data.

Background: Data from clinical trials and real-world studies show that afatinib is effective in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor () gene. A previous analysis of patients enrolled in the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease (KATRD) cohort showed that first-line afatinib was well tolerated and effectiveness results were encouraging. At the time of the previous analysis, survival data were not mature.

A prospective phase 2 study of expeditious genotyping and immediate therapeutic initiation through extracellular vesicles (EV)-based bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) liquid biopsy in advanced NSCLC patients.

Background: In our previous study, epidermal growth factor receptor () genotyping using extracellular vesicles (EV)-derived DNA isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was proven to be highly concordant with conventional tissue-based genotyping and its turn-around-time (TAT) was only 1-2 days. On this background, we prospectively validated the performance of EV-based BALF liquid biopsy for genotyping in the real practice of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: After screening 120 newly diagnosed stage III-IV NSCLC patients, 51 cases were detected as -mutated by EV-based BALF genotyping and 40 patients were enrolled for gefitinib treatment.

Real-world analysis of first-line afatinib in patients with -mutant non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastasis: survival and prognostic factors.

Background: Overall survival (OS) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BMs) is poor. We aimed to identify prognostic factors and ascertain treatment outcomes of first-line afatinib for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC with BM in a real-world setting.

Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed electronic records of patients with -mutant NSCLC who received first-line afatinib treatment between October 2014 and October 2019 in 16 hospitals across South Korea.

Final Report on Real-World Effectiveness of Sequential Afatinib and Osimertinib in EGFR-Positive Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Updated Analysis of the RESET Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the final analysis of time-on-treatment (TOT) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced-stage epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received sequential afatinib and osimertinib and to compare the outcomes with other second-line regimens (comparator group).

Materials And Methods: In this updated report, the existing medical records were reviewed and rechecked. TOT and OS were updated and analyzed according to clinical features using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.

Adjuvant Osimertinib for Resected EGFR-Mutated Stage IB-IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Updated Results From the Phase III Randomized ADAURA Trial.

Purpose: The phase III ADAURA (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02511106) primary analysis demonstrated a clinically significant disease-free survival (DFS) benefit with adjuvant osimertinib versus placebo in EGFR-mutated stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after complete tumor resection (DFS hazard ratio [HR], 0.20 [99.

Time optimization of gadobutrol-enhanced brain MRI for metastases and primary tumors using a dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging.

Background: Recent advances in rapid imaging techniques necessitate the reconsideration of the optimal imaging delay time for contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. The aim of our study was to determine the optimal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging delay time from the obtained time-signal intensity curve (TIC) using gadobutrol in patients with brain metastases, primary brain tumors, and meningiomas.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled 78 patients with brain metastases (n = 39), primary brain tumors (n = 22), or meningiomas (n = 17) who underwent 7-min dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging with single-dose gadobutrol.

Real-World Study of Osimertinib in Korean Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor T790M Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Although osimertinib is the standard-of-care treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer, real-world evidence on the efficacy of osimertinib is not enough to reflect the complexity of the entire course of treatment. Herein, we report on the use of osimertinib in patients with EGFR T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer who had previously received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in Korea.

Materials And Methods: Patients with confirmed EGFR T790M after disease progression of prior EGFR-TKI were enrolled and administered osimertinib 80 mg daily.

Extracellular Vesicle-Based Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Liquid Biopsy for EGFR Mutation Testing in Advanced Non-Squamous NSCLC.

To overcome the limitations of the tissue biopsy and plasma cfDNA liquid biopsy, we performed the EV-based BALF liquid biopsy of 224 newly diagnosed stage III-IV NSCLC patients and compared it with tissue genotyping and 110 plasma liquid biopsies. Isolation of EVs from BALF was performed by ultracentrifugation. EGFR genotyping was performed through peptide nucleic acid clamping-assisted fluorescence melting curve analysis.

First-line Afatinib in Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer With Uncommon EGFR Mutations in South Korea.

Background/aim: Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are heterogeneous and show variable prevalence and clinical responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We investigated the characteristics of uncommon EGFR mutations and the clinical efficacy of afatinib in patients with NSCLC harboring uncommon EGFR mutations.

Patients And Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective study, we analyzed patients with NSCLC with uncommon EGFR mutations in 16 South Korean institutes.

Real-world experience of afatinib as first-line therapy for advanced mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer in Korea.

Background: We investigated the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of Korean patients receiving first-line afatinib for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive (m) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a real-world setting.

Methods: Electronic case reports were retrospectively reviewed from patients across 15 sites in South Korea. Outcome measures included baseline characteristics, overall response rate (ORR), time-to-treatment discontinuation (TTD), and overall survival (OS).

Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Patients with Resected Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Received Adjuvant Osimertinib in the Phase III ADAURA Trial.

Purpose: In the phase III ADAURA trial, adjuvant treatment with osimertinib versus placebo, with/without prior adjuvant chemotherapy, resulted in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful disease-free survival benefit in completely resected stage IB-IIIA EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes from ADAURA.

Patients And Methods: Patients randomized 1:1 received oral osimertinib 80 mg or placebo for 3 years or until recurrence/discontinuation.

Multicenter real-world data of patients harboring rare mutations other than EGFR or ALK in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Studies on the application of targeted therapies for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who harbor rare genetic mutations are ongoing. In the present study, we investigated the real-world data of NSCLC patients who harbor rare mutations.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced or metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC aged >20 years with confirmed rare mutations (BRAF, ROS1, MET, RET, HER2, FGFR, and NTRK) from January 2015 to September 2020 at nine tertiary hospitals.

Postoperative Chemotherapy Use and Outcomes From ADAURA: Osimertinib as Adjuvant Therapy for Resected EGFR-Mutated NSCLC.

Introduction: Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in patients with resected stages II to IIIA (and select IB) NSCLC; however, recurrence rates are high. In the phase 3 ADAURA study (NCT02511106), osimertinib was found to have a clinically meaningful improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with resected stages IB to IIIA EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) NSCLC. Here, we report prespecified and exploratory analyses of adjuvant chemotherapy use and outcomes from ADAURA.

A plain language summary of results from the ADAURA study: osimertinib after surgery for patients who have early-stage EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

Here, we summarize the initial results from the ADAURA clinical study looking at treatment with osimertinib in patients with a specific type of non-small cell lung cancer (also called NSCLC). Osimertinib (TAGRISSO®) is a medication used to treat a type of NSCLC with a change (mutation) in the EGFR gene, known as EGFR-mutated NSCLC. EGFR stands for 'epidermal growth factor receptor'.

Characteristics and Clinical Application of Extracellular Vesicle-Derived DNA.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry RNA, proteins, lipids, and diverse biomolecules for intercellular communication. Recent studies have reported that EVs contain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and oncogenic mutant DNA. The advantage of EV-derived DNA (EV DNA) over cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is the stability achieved through the encapsulation in the lipid bilayer of EVs, which protects EV DNA from degradation by external factors.