Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

Ischemic stroke is a significant global health problem associated with mortality and disability. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a leading cause of stroke and contributes to recurrent stroke, especially in Asian population. Because of the different pathophysiology and mechanisms of ICAS resulting in ischemic stroke compared to extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ECAS), treatment strategies for secondary prevention would be different.

Collaborative activities in a biological dosimetry network for radiation emergencies in South Korea.

Purpose: Biological dosimetry is an essential analytic method to estimate the absorbed radiation dose in the human body by measuring changes in biomolecules after radiation exposure. Joint response in a network to mass-casualty radiation incidents is one way to overcome the limitations of biological dosimetry, sharing the workload among laboratories. This study aimed to investigate the current performance, collaborative activities and technical advances of the Korea biodosimetry network (K-BioDos), and suggest the future directions toward successful joint response.

Tantalum-stabilized ruthenium oxide electrocatalysts for industrial water electrolysis.

The iridium oxide (IrO) catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction used industrially (in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers) is scarce and costly. Although ruthenium oxide (RuO) is a promising alternative, its poor stability has hindered practical application. We used well-defined extended surface models to identify that RuO undergoes structure-dependent corrosion that causes Ru dissolution.

Advancements in flexible biomechanical energy harvesting for smart health applications.

Advancing flexible electronics enables timely smart health management and diagnostic interventions. However, current health electronics typically rely on replaceable batteries or external power sources, requiring direct contact with the human skin or organs. This setup often results in rigid and bulky devices, reducing user comfort during long-term use.

Tumor cells ectopically expressing the membrane-bound form of IL-7 develop an antitumor immune response efficiently in a colon carcinoma model.

Various approaches employing cytokines and cytokine gene-modified tumor cells have been explored to induce antitumor responses, yet their widespread application has been limited due to efficacy concerns and adverse effects. In this study, interleukin-7 was engineered for expression both as a natural secretory form (sIL-7) and as a membrane-bound form fused with the B7.1 type I transmembrane protein (mbIL-7/B7) on CT26 colon cancer cells.

Predisposing Risk Factors Affecting Reversibility of Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling Pattern in Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Purpose: Improvement of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) is known to be a good prognostic factor in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF). In the present study, we investigated the predisposing risk factors affecting the reversibility of LV diastolic filling pattern (DFP) in patients with preserved EF.

Materials And Methods: A total of 600 patients with pseudonormal LVDFP and preserved EF who underwent follow-up echocardiography were enrolled between 2011 and 2020.

Strained two-dimensional tungsten diselenide for mechanically tunable exciton transport.

Tightly bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) hosted in atomically-thin semiconductors have emerged as prospective elements in optoelectronic devices for ultrafast and secured information transfer. The controlled exciton transport in such excitonic devices requires manipulating potential energy gradient of charge-neutral excitons, while electrical gating or nanoscale straining have shown limited efficiency of exciton transport at room temperature. Here, we report strain gradient induced exciton transport in monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe) across microns at room temperature via steady-state pump-probe measurement.

Classifying intentions for carbon neutrality participation through latent class analysis.

This study aims to classify citizens' intentions to participate in carbon neutrality activities, emphasizing the crucial role of public engagement in achieving sustainability goals amid the climate crisis. The climate crisis has rapidly become one of the most pressing challenges to global sustainable development, with carbon neutrality as a key objective. To understand variations in citizens' willingness to engage in carbon neutrality efforts, we conducted a Latent Class Analysis (LCA) on responses from 800 residents of Cheongju, South Korea, categorizing their willingness to participate in 13 different carbon neutrality activities.

Identification of SNPs associated with fatty acid contents in mutant soybean lines by a genome-wide association study.

Background: Vegetable oils are primarily composed of unsaturated fatty acids. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Herbal prescription Siryeongtang and acupuncture treatment for gait disturbance due to idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A case report.

Background: Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), characterized by unexplained normal-pressure hydrocephalus, primarily presents with symptoms such as gait disturbances, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. Currently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage via shunting is the only effective treatment for iNPH.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old Asian woman visited our hospital with a worsening gait disturbance and a history of recurrent falls over the past 2 years.

Partial-linear single-index Cox regression models with multiple time-dependent covariates.

Background: In cohort studies with time-to-event outcomes, covariates of interest often have values that change over time. The classical Cox regression model can handle time-dependent covariates but assumes linear effects on the log hazard function, which can be limiting in practice. Furthermore, when multiple correlated covariates are studied, it is of great interest to model their joint effects by allowing a flexible functional form and to delineate their relative contributions to survival risk.

Characterization of particulate matter at Mt. Gwanak (at 632 m) and vertical mixing impacts on haze in Seoul during winter.

This study investigates the sources, chemical composition, and vertical transport of particulate matter (PM) at Mt. Gwanak in southeastern Seoul, focusing on differences between surface and elevated altitudes during winter 2021. Using a time-of-flight aerosol chemical species mass spectrometer (ToF-ACSM), PM was measured at 632 m.

Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates in countries with different income levels: a panel analysis.

Introduction: Vaccines against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are being developed and supplied at an unprecedented rate. However, disparities in income levels among countries has influenced the supply and vaccination rate. This imbalance poses a potential risk factor, especially if vaccine-resistant variants emerge and the pandemic persists.

Comparison on functional and esthetic outcomes between single and combined surgery to crooked nose deformities.

Background: Nose deviation deformities pose a complex cosmetic and functional problem. The most common surgical intervention to manage such deformities is septorhinoplasty, typically performed by a plastic surgeon or a rhinologist. This study investigated the effect of a combined operation by a plastic surgeon and rhinologist, comparing them with those operations performed singlehandedly by a plastic surgeon.

Conferring non-strain-specific resistance to a potyvirus via overexpression of mutant potyviral coat proteins in soybean.

Transgenic soybean (Glycine max) plants expressing mutant potyviral coat proteins that disrupt virion assembly exhibited non-strain-specific resistance against soybean mosaic virus.

Screened Fv-Antibodies against the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Receptor Neutralizing the Infection of SARS-CoV-2.

For the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, four Fv-antibodies with binding affinity for the ACE2 receptor were screened from an Fv-antibody library. The screened Fv-antibodies were expressed as soluble proteins and estimated to have a high binding affinity, comparable to that between SARS-CoV-2 and the ACE2 receptor. The interaction between the Fv-antibodies and the ACE2 receptor was analyzed using docking simulation, and the significant binding affinity of the screened Fv-antibodies was attributed to the homology in amino acid sequence with the ACE2 receptor.

The microbial metabolite imidazole propionate dysregulates bone homeostasis by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.

Microbial metabolites provide numerous benefits to the human body but can also contribute to diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and bone disorders. However, the role of imidazole propionate (ImP), a histidine-derived metabolite produced by the intestinal microbiome, in bone metabolism and the development of osteoporosis is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of ImP and its underlying mechanisms in regulating bone homeostasis.

Long-term treatment outcomes of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome by the Korean Rare vascular Ailments Research Experts.

Objective: Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) results from an anomalous relationship between the popliteal artery and the myofascial structures of the popliteal fossa. The long-term treatment outcomes are not well known because of the rarity of the disease. This study aimed to establish a nationwide collective dataset, and analyze treatment outcomes.

Enhanced Radar Signal Classification Using AMP and Visibility Graph for Multi-Signal Environments.

Accurately classifying and deinterleaving overlapping radar signals presents a significant challenge in complex environments, such as electronic warfare. Traditional methods, such as spectrogram-based analysis, often struggle to differentiate radar signals with similar scan patterns, particularly under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. To address these limitations, we propose a novel two-stage classification framework that combines amplitude pattern (AMP) analysis and visibility graphs to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of radar signal classification.

Growths of SiC Single Crystals Using the Physical Vapor Transport Method with Crushed CVD-SiC Blocks Under High Vertical Temperature Gradients.

A recent study reported the rapid growth of SiC single crystals of ~1.5 mm/h using high-purity SiC sources obtained by recycling CVD-SiC blocks used as materials in semiconductor processes. This method has gained attention as a way to improve the productivity of the physical vapor transport (PVT) method, widely used for manufacturing single crystal substrates for power semiconductors.

Overcoming Challenges in Small-Molecule Drug Bioavailability: A Review of Key Factors and Approaches.

The bioavailability of small-molecule drugs remains a critical challenge in pharmaceutical development, significantly impacting therapeutic efficacy and commercial viability. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding and overcoming bioavailability limitations, focusing on key physicochemical and biological factors influencing drug absorption and distribution. We examine cutting-edge strategies for enhancing bioavailability, including innovative formulation approaches, rational structural modifications, and the application of artificial intelligence in drug design.

Genomic Insights into the Role of cAMP in Carotenoid Biosynthesis: Enhancing β-Carotene Production in via Deletion.

The gamma-ray-induced random mutagenesis of an engineered β-carotene-producing XL1-Blue resulted in the variant Ajou 45, which exhibits significantly enhanced β-carotene production. The whole-genome sequencing of Ajou 45 identified 55 mutations, notably including a reduction in the copy number of , encoding adenylate cyclase, a key enzyme regulating intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. While the parental XL1-Blue strain harbors two copies of , Ajou 45 retains only one, potentially leading to reduced intracellular cAMP concentrations.

Enhances Brown Spot Disease Resistance in Rice.

Brown spot (BS) is caused by necrotrophs fungi () which affects rainfed and upland production in rice, resulting in significant losses in yield and grain quality. Here, we explored the meJA treatment that leads to rice resistance to BS. Fibrillins (FBNs) family are constituents of plastoglobules in chloroplast response to biotic and abiotic stress, many research revealed that and are not only associated with the rice against disease but also with the JA pathway.