Knockout of Gene Encoding Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Affects Energy Metabolism in Rice Seeds.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a major glycolytic enzyme that plays an important role in several cellular processes, including plant hormone signaling, plant development, and transcriptional regulation. In this study, we divided it into four groups through structural analysis of eight genes identified in the rice genome. Among them, the expression level of five genes of cytosolic was shown to be different for each organ.

The First Domesticated 'Cheongju Sorori Rice' Excavated in Korea.

Archaeological excavations led by Yung-jo Lee and Jong-yoon Woo were carried out twice at the Sorori paleolithic site, Cheongju, in the Republic of Korea, at the upper stream of the Geumgang river, the Miho riverside. A total of 127 rice seeds were excavated, including 18 ancient rice and 109 Quasi-rice, in 1998 and 2001. At the first excavation, eleven short -type ancient rice and one slender smooth ancient rice with two kinds of Quasi-rice were excavated.

sp. nov., isolated from garden soil.

A novel bacterial strain, designated as MAH-18, was isolated from soil sampled in a flower garden. Cells of strain MAH-18 were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped. The colonies were beige in colour, smooth, and spherical when grown on Reasoner's 2A agar medium.

Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Tomato Knockout (KO) Line.

Tomatoes contain many secondary metabolites such as -carotene, lycopene, phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C, which are responsible for antioxidant activity. encodes a STAY-GREEN protein that plays a critical role in the regulation of chlorophyll degradation in tomato leaves and fruits. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the null lines based on their physicochemical characteristics, the content of secondary metabolites, and the -Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content.

Phenotypic characterization of pre-harvest sprouting resistance mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9-geminiviral replicon system in rice.

Pre-harvest sprouting is a critical phenomenon involving germination of seeds in the mother plant before harvest under relative humid conditions and reduced dormancy. In this paper, we generated HDR mutant lines with one region SNP (C/T) and an insertion of 6 bp (GGT/GGTGGCGGC) in OsERF1 genes for pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance using CRISPR/Cas9 and a geminiviral replicon system. The incidence of HDR was 2.

Anti- Activity of Six Major Compounds Isolated from .

Gastric problems are often caused by the well-known () bacterium. One of the biggest obstacles to the treatment of infections is increasing the antibiotic resistance. During our search for naturally derived anti- compounds, six major compounds were isolated from the methylene chloride (CHCl) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions of a that showed anti- activity.

Genetic Analysis Based on CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Plants.

Genome-editing technology is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted into, replaced in, or deleted from the genome using artificially engineered nucleases or genetic scissors [...

Knockout Mutants of Generated Using CRISPR/Cas9 Revealed Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice.

Plants produce and accumulate stress-resistant substances when exposed to abiotic stress, which involves a protein conversion mechanism that breaks down stress-damaged proteins and supplies usable amino acids. Eukaryotic protein turnover is mostly driven by the ubiquitination pathway. Among the three enzymes required for protein degradation, E3 ubiquitin ligase plays a pivotal role in most cells, as it determines the specificity of ubiquitination and selects target proteins for degradation.

Genetic Research and Plant Breeding.

In the past 20 years, plant genetics and breeding research using molecular biology has been greatly improved via the functional analysis of genes, species identification and transformation techniques [...

Biochemical Characterization of Orange-Colored Rice Calli Induced by Target Mutagenesis of Gene.

We generated an orange-colored (OC) rice callus line by targeted mutagenesis of the orange gene () using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The OC line accumulated more lutein, -carotene, and two -carotene isomers compared to the WT callus line. We also analyzed the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthesis genes by qRT-PCR.

Transcriptome and Metabolite Profiling of Tomato SGR-Knockout Null Lines Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System.

Stay-green 1 (SGR1) protein is a critical regulator of chlorophyll degradation and senescence in plant leaves; however, the functions of tomato SGR1 remain ambiguous. Here, we generated an SGR1-knockout (KO) null line via clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated gene editing and conducted RNA sequencing and gas chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Solanum lycopersicum SGR1 (SlSGR1) knockout null line clearly showed a turbid brown color with significantly higher chlorophyll and carotenoid levels than those in the wild-type (WT) fruit.

Antioxidant Constituents and Activities of the Pulp with Skin of Korean Tomato Cultivars.

Tomato is a widely distributed, cultivated, and commercialized vegetable crop. It contains antioxidant constituents including lycopene, tocopherols, vitamin C, -aminobutyric acid, phenols, and flavonoids. This study determined the contents of the antioxidant components and activities of the pulp with skin of ten regular, six medium-sized, and two small cherry tomato cultivars at red ripe (BR + 10) stage cultivated in Korea.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the genetic basis of rice fragrance mediated by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.

Introduction: Fragrance is an important economic and quality trait in rice. The trait is controlled by the recessive gene betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) via the production of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP).

Objectives: Variation in BADH2 was evaluated at the population, genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic levels to obtain insights into fragrance regulation in rice.

Development of SNP Markers from GWAS for Selecting Seed Coat and Aleurone Layers in Brown Rice ( L.).

Ninety-five percent of the general nutrients in rice are concentrated in the rice bran and germ, and many nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and essential fatty acids, as well as antioxidants such as tocopherol, are lost during milling. In this study, we investigated the thickness of seed coat and aleurone layers using a 294 rice core collection, and found candidate genes related to thickness of seed coat and aleurone layers, by performing a genome wide association study (GWAS) analysis using whole genome resequencing data. Two primer pairs that can be used as high-resolution melting (HRM) markers were developed.

Interspecific and Intraspecific Hybrid Rootstocks to Improve Horticultural Traits and Soil-Borne Disease Resistance in Tomato.

Tomato rootstocks are important to increase yield and control soil-borne pathogens, increasing vigor for a longer crop cycle and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. This study, conducted in the greenhouse of Sunchon National University during the period from 2019 to 2022, aimed to identify local soil-borne-disease resistant interspecific and intraspecific tomato hybrid rootstocks. The 71 interspecific hybrids ( × ) showed that the germination vigor (GV) was less than Maxifort, except for several combinations.

Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MABc) to Improve Eating Quality with Thin Seed Coat and Aleurone Layer of Non-Glutinous Japonica Variety in Rice.

Brown rice is composed of rice bran, pericarp, seed coat, and aleurone layers, and the rice bran layer contains a large number of substances useful for the human body, such as dietary fiber, α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, and vitamins. However, more than 90% of these substances are removed when polished, and white rice has the disadvantage of losing food-related ingredients, such as umami-related amino acids, when compared to the unpolished group. In this study, we tried to develop new breeding lines with a thinner seed coat and aleurone layer to provide high eating quality with softer chewing characteristics and processability in rice grain.

Protective Effect of Carotenoid Extract from Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato on Gastric Ulcer in Mice by Inhibition of NO, IL-6 and PGE Production.

(L.) Lam., Convolvulaceae is widely distributed in Asian areas from tropical to warm-temperature regions.

Overexpression of Orange Gene (-R115H) Enhances Heat Tolerance and Defense-Related Gene Expression in Rice ( L.).

In plants, the orange () gene plays roles in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and responses to environmental stress. The present study investigated whether the expression of rice () gene could enhance rice tolerance to heat stress conditions. The gene was cloned and constructed with or -R115H (leading to Arg to His substitution at position 115 on the OsOr protein), and transformed into rice plants.

Molecular and Functional Analysis of U-box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Rice ().

Proteins encoded by U-box type ubiquitin ligase (PUB) genes in rice are known to play an important role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Functional analysis has revealed a detailed molecular mechanism involving PUB proteins in relation to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, characteristics of 77 genes in rice were identified.

Breeding of High Cooking and Eating Quality in Rice by Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MABc) Using KASP Markers.

The primary goals of rice breeding programs are grain quality and yield potential improvement. With the high demand for rice varieties of premium cooking and eating quality, we developed low-amylose content breeding lines crossed with Samgwang and Milkyqueen through the marker-assisted backcross (MABc) breeding program. Trait markers of the SSIIIa gene referring to low-amylose content were identified through an SNP mapping activity, and the markers were applied to select favorable lines for a foreground selection.

Brassinosteroid-BZR1/2-WAT1 module determines the high level of auxin signalling in vascular cambium during wood formation.

The tight regulation of local auxin homeostasis and signalling maxima in xylem precursor cells specifies the organising activity of the vascular cambium and consequently promotes xylem differentiation and wood formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the local auxin signalling maxima in the vascular cambium are largely unknown. Here, we reveal that brassinosteroid (BR)-activated WALLS ARE THIN1 (WAT1) facilitates wood formation by enhancing local auxin signalling in the vascular cambium in Solanum lycopersicum.

Transcriptomic and physiological analysis of OsCAO1 knockout lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice.

The altered rice leaf color based on the knockout of CAO1 gene generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology plays important roles in chlorophyll degradation and ROS scavenging to regulate both natural and induced senescence in rice. Rice chlorophyllide a oxygenase (OsCAO1), identified as the chlorophyll b synthesis under light condition, plays a critical role in regulating rice plant photosynthesis. In this study, the development of edited lines with pale green leaves by knockout of OsCAO1 gene known as a chlorophyll synthesis process is reported.

Knockout of Gene ( Encoding bHLH Transcription Factor Using CRISPR/Cas9 System Confers Male Sterility Phenotype in Tomato.

The utilization of male sterility into hybrid seed production reduces its cost and ensures high purity of tomato varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas. Here, we report on the generation of gene edited lines into male sterility phenotype by knockout of gene ( encoding the bHLH transcription factor that regulates meiosis and cell death of the tapetum during microsporogenesis in the tomato. Twenty-eight gene edited lines out of 60 transgenic plants were selected.