Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protects Cardiomyocytes against Heat Stroke-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Responses Associated with the Induction of Hsp70 and Activation of Autophagy.

Heat stroke (HS) is a life-threatening illness and defined as when body temperature elevates above 40°C accompanied by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome that results in multiple organ dysfunctions. -Lipoic acid (ALA) acts as a cofactor of mitochondrial enzymes and exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in a variety of diseases. This study investigates the beneficial effects of ALA on myocardial injury and organ damage caused by experimental HS and further explores its underlying mechanism.

Raloxifene inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and adipogenesis through Wnt regulation in ovariectomized rats and 3 T3-L1 cells.

Background: Loss of ovarian function, as in menopause or after ovariectomy (OVX), is closely associated with obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. Estrogen replacement protects against postmenopausal obesity but increases the risks of carcinogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of long-term treatment of raloxifene (RAL), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on the features of estrogen deficiency-induced obesity and explored the involvement of canonical and non-canonical Wnt regulation in vivo and in vitro.

Genistein ameliorated obesity accompanied with adipose tissue browning and attenuation of hepatic lipogenesis in ovariectomized rats with high-fat diet.

Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women is linked to the higher prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndromes. Development of beige adipocytes (browning of WAT) increases energy expenditure and could be a promising strategy for obesity management. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) on white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, browning and hepatic lipogenesis in ovariectomized rats with high-fat diet (HFD) and further explore the underlying mechanism.

Haloperidol Abrogates Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression by Inhibition of NF-B Activation in Stimulated Human Monocytic Cells.

Much evidence has indicated that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in the progression of neuroinflammatory disorders. The present study was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of the antipsychotic haloperidol on MMP activation in the stimulated THP-1 monocytic cells. Haloperidol exerted a strong inhibition on tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) -induced MMP-9 gelatinolysis of THP-1 cells.

Activation of autophagy is involved in the protective effect of 17β-oestradiol on endotoxaemia-induced multiple organ dysfunction in ovariectomized rats.

Oestrogens have been reported to attenuate acute inflammation in sepsis. In this study, the effects of long-term oestrogen replacement with 17β-oestradiol (E ) on endotoxaemia-induced circulatory dysfunction and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome were evaluated in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. E (50 μg/kg, s.

Involvement of HSP70 and HO-1 in the protective effects of raloxifene on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome by endotoxemia in ovariectomized rats.

Objective: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, possesses anti-inflammatory action. This study evaluates the preventive effects of long-term treatment of raloxifene on acute inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats with endotoxemia and its underlying mechanism of action.

Methods: Adult female rats were OVX bilaterally to induce estrogen insufficiency.

Heat shock protein 70 and AMP-activated protein kinase contribute to 17-DMAG-dependent protection against heat stroke.

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) preconditioning induces thermotolerance, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a role in the process of autophagy. Here, we investigated whether 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-DMAG) protected against heat stroke (HS) in rats by up-regulation of Hsp70 and phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK). To produce HS, male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a chamber with an ambient temperature of 42°C.

17-DMAG, an HSP90 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome via Induction of HSP70 in Endotoxemic Rats.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disorder, accompanied with elevated oxidative stress, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 17-Dimethylaminoethylamino- 17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), a heat shock protein (HSP) 90 inhibitor, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the beneficial effects of 17-DMAG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced MODS and DIC was evaluated in anesthetized rats.

Celastrol prevents circulatory failure via induction of heme oxygenase-1 and heat shock protein 70 in endotoxemic rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Celastrol, a quinone methide extracted from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook, possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook is officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and is used traditionally against rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and cancer. Furthermore, the circulatory protective effect of celastrol on an in vivo animal model of sepsis was investigated.

Alpha-lipoic acid prevents endotoxic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome induced by endotoxemia in rats.

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring disulfide derivative of octanoic acid, serves as a strong antioxidant and has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study is to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of ALA on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by endotoxemia in rats. Male Wistar rats were intravenously infused with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/kg) to induce endotoxemia.

The cardioprotective effect of hypertonic saline is associated with inhibitory effect on macrophage migration inhibitory factor in sepsis.

Sepsis can cause myocardial dysfunction, which contributes to the high mortality of sepsis. Hypertonic saline (HS) has been reported to increase myocardial contractility in sepsis. In the present study, mechanisms of action of HS resuscitation (4 mL of 7.

The role of heat shock protein 70 in the protective effect of YC-1 on β-amyloid-induced toxicity in differentiated PC12 cells.

Neurodegenerative brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been well investigated. However, significant methods for the treatment of the progression of AD are unavailable currently. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) plays important roles in neural protection from stress by assisting cellular protein folding.

The role of heat shock protein 70 in the protective effect of YC-1 on heat stroke rats.

Heat stroke is a life-threatening illness characterized by an elevated core body temperature. Despite adequate lowering of the body temperature and support treatment of multiple organ-system function, heat stroke is often fatal. 3-(5'-Hydoxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl-indazol (YC-1) been identified as an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase.

Reciprocal effects of α-lipoic acid on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity in obesity induced by ovariectomy in rats.

Objective: Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary α-lipoic acid (α-LA) supplementation on the activation of AMPK in both central and peripheral tissues in obese rats induced by ovariectomy.

Methods: Ovariectomized (Ovx) rats were treated with α-LA (200 mg/kg) 3 to 10 weeks after surgery.

The role of receptor-interacting protein 140 in the accumulation of fat in ovariectomised rats.

Background: Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a corepressor for nuclear receptors with an important role in the inhibition of energy expenditure. Postmenopausal women have increased white adipose tissue (WAT), and excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (obesity) implies a health risk. The aim of the present work was to investigate the time course of RIP140 expression in WAT during the development of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced obesity in rats.

The role of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase in ovariectomy-induced obesity in rats.

Objective: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a cellular energy sensor, being activated during states of low energy charge. Hypothalamic AMPK is altered by hormonal and metabolic signals and mediates the feeding response. The aims of this study were to examine whether the phosphorylation of AMPKα in the hypothalamus is affected by ovariectomy (Ovx) and thus would be involved in the development of obesity in rats.

Cardioprotective effects of long-term treatment with raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in ovariectomized rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of long-term treatment with raloxifene (RAL), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats.

Methods: Ovariectomy was performed in female Sprague-Dawley rats 8 weeks old. Ovx rats were treated with RAL 1 or 5 mg/kg (gavage, once daily) or 17beta-estradiol (E2; 50 microg/kg SC, three times a week) for 8 weeks.

Estrogen deficiency-induced alterations of vascular MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 in ovariectomized rats.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity may modulate hypertension-related accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in arteries. We tested whether estrogen deficiency induces alterations of vascular collagen, MMP-2, membrane-type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP), or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) expression in ovariectomized rats, which may be associated with postmenopausal hypertension.

Methods: Estrogen deficiency was induced by ovariectomy (Ovx) in female rats.

Estrogen therapy replenishes vascular tetrahydrobiopterin and reduces oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.

Objective: We investigated whether the effect of estrogen therapy on vascular endothelial function is mediated through increasing the bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and associated antioxidant capacity in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats.

Design: Aortas of sham-operated, Ovx, and Ovx plus estrogen therapy (Ovx + ET) female Sprague-Dawley rats were used to measure vascular reactivity. Plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total antioxidant capacity, aortic superoxide anion (O2.

Oxidative stress induces vascular heme oxygenase-1 expression in ovariectomized rats.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible stress protein, has been implicated in cytoprotection against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Estrogens also have antioxidant effects. This study investigated the time course of HO-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the aortas of ovariectomized rats, and the regulatory relationship between the NO/NOS and the carbon monoxide/HO systems.

Effects of oestrogen replacement on steady and pulsatile haemodynamics in ovariectomized rats.

1. The effects of ovariectomy (Ovx), menopause and oestrogen replacement on the haemodynamics remain controversial. The present study employed the technique of arterial impedance analysis to measure and calculate the steady and pulsatile haemodynamics.

Tetrahydrobiopterin improves vascular endothelial function in ovariectomized rats.

The goal of the present study is to investigate the role of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in the vascular response in ovariectomized rats. Rats were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) sham group: sham-operated female rats, and (2) Ovx group: rats were ovariectomized. Our results have shown that the plasma 17 beta-estradiol levels in the Ovx group at the end of the experiment were significantly lower than in the sham group.