Examination of the Interaction between Parental Military-Status and Race among Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity.

Objectives: Adolescent military-dependents experience distinct risk and protective factors, which may necessitate additional clinical considerations. In civilian youth, overweight/obesity is associated with eating, internalizing, and externalizing difficulties, with some studies reporting more difficulties among non-Hispanic White (vs. non-Hispanic Black) youth.

Retrieval-induced forgetting in children and adolescents with and without obesity.

Background/objectives: Previous research indicates that youth with obesity exhibit deficits in executive functioning (EF), which often take the form of impaired response inhibition. One aspect of EF not previously studied in obesity is the adaptive process known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF), the suppression/inhibition of intrusive or non-target items by the retrieval of specific items from memory. The present study investigated if child or adolescent obesity disrupts the ability to inhibit retrieval of intrusive memories.

A comparison of negative affect and disinhibited eating between children with and without parents with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Children whose parents have type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at high-risk for developing T2D. In youth, negative affect has been shown to predict insulin resistance (IR), and disinhibited-eating behaviors have been linked to IR. It is unknown if youth with a parent with T2D (P-T2D) report greater psychological and behavioral symptoms than those without a P-T2D.

Longitudinal associations between facets of sleep and adiposity in youth.

Objective: Beyond sleep duration, other facets of sleep such as variability and timing may be associated with obesity risk in youth. However, data are limited. Using a longitudinal design, this study tested whether multiple facets of sleep were associated with fat mass gain over 1 year.

Associations of sleep with food cravings and loss-of-control eating in youth: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Background: Inconsistent sleep patterns may promote excess weight gain by increasing food cravings and loss-of-control (LOC)-eating; however, these relationships have not been elucidated in youth.

Objective: We tested whether sleep duration and timing were associated with food cravings and LOC-eating.

Method: For 14 days, youths wore actigraphy monitors to assess sleep and reported severity of food cravings and LOC-eating using ecological momentary assessment.

Food cravings and loss-of-control eating in youth: Associations with gonadal hormone concentrations.

Objective: Among youth with overweight, food cravings (FC) are associated with loss-of-control (LOC)-eating, but the impact of sex-associated biological characteristics on this relationship is unknown. We examined whether sex and gonadal hormone concentrations moderated the relationships between FC and LOC-eating severity among healthy boys and girls across the weight strata in natural and laboratory environments.

Method: Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), FC, and LOC-eating severity were reported 3-5 times a day for 2 weeks.

Tenofovir alafenamide does not inhibit mitochondrial function and cholesterol biosynthesis in human T lymphoblastoid cell line.

In clinical trials, the concentration of tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in peripheral mononuclear cells was 4 to 5-fold higher in individuals treated with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) compared to individuals treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). We hypothesized that the higher intracellular accumulation of TFV-DP could cause mitochondrial toxicity from either polymerase gamma (Pol-γ)-dependent or Pol-γ-independent mechanism(s). To test this hypothesis, we cultured human T lymphoblastoid cell line (CEM cells) for up to 12 days with TAF or TDF (multiplicities of C) to investigate the effects on mitochondrial function and respiration, and cholesterol biosynthesis.