A disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain (ADAM) 12, ADAM 17 mRNA and ADAM10 protein hold potential as biomarkers for detection of early gastric cancer.

No biomarker can effectively screen for early gastric cancer (EGC). Players in the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor axis may have a role for that. As a proof-of-concept pilot study, the expression of ADAM8, ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12, ADAM17, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related sequence A (MICA), a ligand for NKG2D, in gastric cancer was investigated in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

The degradation mechanism of multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials.

1,4-Azaborine-based arenes are promising electroluminescent emitters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), offering narrow emission spectra and high quantum yields due to a multi-resonance (MR) effect. However, their practical application is constrained by their limited operational stability. This study investigates the degradation mechanism of MR-TADF molecules.

Development of a Korean clinical decision-making ability scale for hospital nurses.

Background: A hospital nurse's clinical decision-making ability is an important core competency that identifies and solves patient problems in nursing practice. This study aimed to develop a Korean clinical decision-making scale for hospital nurses, and verify its validity and reliability.

Methods: A methodological design that develops a scale was used.

Metabolic engineering of Priestia megaterium for 2'-fucosyllactose production.

Background: 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a predominant human milk oligosaccharide that significantly enhances infant nutrition and immune health. This study addresses the need for a safe and economical production of 2'-FL by employing Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) microbial strain, Priestia megaterium ATCC 14581. This strain was chosen for its robust growth and established safety profile and attributing suitable for industrial-scale production.

Crisdesalazine alleviates inflammation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis multiple sclerosis mouse model by regulating the immune system.

Microglia/macrophages participate in the development of and recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and the macrophage M1 (pro-inflammatory)/M2 (anti-inflammatory) phase transition is involved in EAE disease progression. We evaluated the efficacy of crisdesalazine (a novel microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 inhibitor) in an EAE model, including its immune-regulating potency in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and its neuroprotective effects in a macrophage-neuronal co-culture system. Crisdesalazine significantly alleviated clinical symptoms, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord, and altered the phase of microglial/macrophage and regulatory T cells.

Hornworts reveal a spatial model for pyrenoid-based CO-concentrating mechanisms in land plants.

Pyrenoid-based CO-concentrating mechanisms (pCCMs) turbocharge photosynthesis by saturating CO around Rubisco. Hornworts are the only land plants with a pCCM. Owing to their closer relationship to crops, hornworts could offer greater translational potential than the green alga Chlamydomonas, the traditional model for studying pCCMs.

Impact of perforation following self-expandable metal stent as a bridge to surgery for malignant colorectal obstruction: a multicenter study of the Research Group for Stent in the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Background And Aims: Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are effective in alleviating malignant colorectal obstruction. However, bowel perforation following SEMS placement remains a significant concern, as it can adversely affect oncological outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the recurrence and overall survival rates associated with SEMS-related bowel perforations.

Long-term clinical outcome of a weekly 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine regimen in treatment-naïve patients with hairy cell leukemia.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has a favorable clinical outcome with appropriate treatment; however, further research is needed on managing patients with relapsed or refractory disease and the risk of infection during prolonged periods. This study examined the long-term effects of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), particularly using a weekly infusion protocol, in treatment-naïve patients with HCL. This retrospective study evaluated the long-term follow-up data from 21 South Korean patients diagnosed with HCL.

ATM and IRAK1 orchestrate two distinct mechanisms of NF-κB activation in response to DNA damage.

DNA damage in cells induces the expression of inflammatory genes. However, the mechanism by which cells initiate an innate immune response in the presence of DNA lesions blocking transcription remains unknown. Here we find that genotoxic stresses lead to an acute activation of the transcription factor NF-κB through two distinct pathways, each triggered by different types of DNA lesions and coordinated by either ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) or IRAK1 kinases.

Genome-wide association studies in lettuce reveal the interplay of seed age, color, and germination under high temperatures.

Thermoinhibition, the suppression of seed germination by high temperatures, is an adaptive trait that ensures successful seedling establishment in natural environments. While beneficial for wild plants, thermoinhibition can adversely affect crop yields due to uneven and reduced germination rates, particularly in the face of climate change. To understand the genetic basis of thermoinhibition, we conducted a comprehensive genetic analysis of a diverse panel of Lactuca spp.

Therapy-induced senescent cancer cells contribute to cancer progression by promoting ribophorin 1-dependent PD-L1 upregulation.

Conventional chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced cancer senescence, which is characterized by poor proliferation, drug resistance, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype, has gained attention as contributing to cancer relapse and the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, the association between cancer senescence and anti-tumor immunity is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that senescent cancer cells increase the level of PD-L1 by promoting its transcription and glycosylation.

Risk assessment and monitoring of tranquilizers in live seafood: Analysis of natural essential oil and 2-phenoxyethanol by GC-MS/MS.

An analytical method for nine tranquilizer compounds, including eight major natural oil components and 2-phenoxyethanol, was developed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and validated under CODEX and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation guidelines. Subsequently, 315 live seafood samples under Korean preference for sashimi (eight species) were monitored with sales distribution channels and place of origin. A total of 76 detection cases in 65 seafood samples contained the target tranquilizer compounds at concentrations ranging from 2.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Risk of malignant lymphoma in patients with previous tuberculosis infection: a cohort study.

Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with chronic inflammation, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies, including lung cancer. However, the relationship between TB and hematological malignancies like lymphoma remains less understood. This study aimed to investigate risks of incident malignant lymphoma according to previous TB infection in a large prospective cohort of 347,204 individuals.

Impact of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Colonization on Clinical Characteristics, Antibiotic Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia.

Purpose: To determine effects of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in general wards on characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with HAP admitted to 16 tertiary or university hospitals in Korea from July 2019 to December 2019. From the entire cohort, patients who developed pneumonia in general wards with known colonization status before the onset of pneumonia were included in this study.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly comorbid with Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathological change (LATE-NC), and the combined AD+LATE-NC is more common than either pathology alone. However, the topographic relationship between tau and TDP-43 in AD+LATE-NC remains unclear.

Method: We analyzed the data from the Religious Orders Study (ROS) and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) participants.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) features stereotypical spread of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) and beta-amyloid. Although other pathological tau posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have been described in AD, a prevalent disease model preconizes that other tau PTMs always coincide with p-tau, making the latter an excellent marker of pathological tau burden. We showed in experimental studies that truncated tau (tr-tau), a pathological tau PTM generated via cleavage by active caspases, is as common as p-tau in neurons at late AD stages; however, only about 40% of tr-tau positive neurons also show p-tau positivity.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) has been associated with molecular and cellular signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We explored the use of both recent single-cell and bulk transcriptomics technologies in dissecting the molecular and cellular virus-human interactions with HSV-1 infected cerebral organoids (2D and 3D). We compared the results with our previous observations from bulk RNA sequencing and discovered novel insights into HSV-1 induced AD-associated molecular pathology that were made possible by each transcriptomics technology.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Hearing loss is highly prevalent and can have significant consequences for older adults aging with cognitive impairment. However, few older adults use hearing aids and disparities in care exist by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic position. To understand the intersection of hearing loss and cognitive impairment with the ultimate goal of developing an affordable, accessible hearing care intervention responsive to the needs of end-users, a series of semi-structured interviews was conducted.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: How clinicians discuss, document, and diagnose health concerns within a visit shapes patient perceptions of their health conditions. Undiagnosed hearing loss among older adults with dementia or cognitive concerns may exacerbate neuropsychiatric symptoms and care challenges. This study investigates clinician documentation of hearing concerns and whether documentation, diagnosis, and referral vary for older adults with dementia/cognitive concerns.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Recent studies showed that neuroinflammation plays a key role in triggering specific neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as irritability and agitation, in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). While prior studies showed an association between tau pathology and all NPS domains, the extent to which tau influences each specific NPS domain remains unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the association of tau and NPS domains in the AD continuum.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The newly proposed criteria by the AA working group incorporates both biological and clinical stages to characterize the progression of AD. In this study, we aim to evaluate the agreement between these two complementary systems.

Methods: Using 188 participants from McGill TRIAD and 139 from the HEAD cohorts, we categorized participants into biological (0-4) and clinical (0-4) stages using amyloid PET, tau PET(MK-6240), and clinical measures as described by the working group.

Enhancing Mechanical Resilience in Li-Ion Battery Cathodes with Nanoscale Elastic Framework Coatings.

Lattice volume changes in Li-ion batteries active materials are unavoidable during electrochemical cycling, posing significant engineering challenges from the particle to the electrode level. In this study, we present an elastic framework coating designed to absorb and reversibly release strain energy associated with particle volume changes, thereby enhancing mechanical resilience at both the particle and electrode levels. This framework, composed of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), is applied to nickel-rich LiNiCoMnO (NCM9055) cathodes at a low loading of 0.

Optimizing Triage in Chemical Disasters: Validation of Modified IGSA Criteria for Hydrofluoric Acid Exposure.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate the modified irritant gas syndrome agent (IGSA) criteria, utilizing readily available triage information and epidemiologic data to efficiently segregate patients based on the severity of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) exposure.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 160 patients exposed to HFA was performed to develop the criteria and assess the criteria's efficacy, focusing on age, respiratory rate, and compliance with IGSA standards. The criteria's validity was assessed by comparing clinical outcomes between patients meeting the modified IGSA (mIGSA) criteria and those who did not as external and internal.

Radiographic Predictors of Difficult Fiberscopic Intubation During General Anesthesia in Patients With a Cervical Collar to Simulate a Difficult Airway.

Background: Predictors of difficult fiberscopic intubation have not been fully elucidated. This study focused on identifying radiographic predictors of difficult fiberscopic intubation during general anesthesia in patients with a cervical collar.

Methods: This retrospective study included unconscious patients who underwent orotracheal intubation using a flexible fiberscope while wearing a cervical collar to simulate a difficult airway.