Publications by authors named "Kwangsoo Kim"

Background: Accurate hospital length of stay (LoS) prediction enables efficient resource management. Conventional LoS prediction models with limited covariates and nonstandardized data have limited reproducibility when applied to the general population.

Objective: In this study, we developed and validated a machine learning (ML)-based LoS prediction model for planned admissions using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM).

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  • The study examines the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) to acute kidney disease (AKD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aims to identify biomarkers and personalized treatments.
  • It involves a collaboration among eight Korean hospitals, where they gathered data from around 1,500 patients undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy, using a combination of historical and ongoing patient information.
  • The research intends to develop an AI model to predict patient outcomes and guide tailored treatment plans, ultimately providing insights for better management and prevention of kidney-related diseases.
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  • The study focused on creating a machine learning model to predict pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with gastrointestinal cancers, who are at a higher risk for this condition.
  • Researchers analyzed data from 585 patients who had undergone computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) across two hospitals, using factors like the Wells score and D-dimer levels to train the model.
  • The model demonstrated effectiveness by achieving an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.736 in one hospital and 0.669 in another, showing that it could significantly reduce unnecessary CTPA referrals compared to traditional diagnostic methods.
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Background: , , , and have been the main driver mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Studies on the clinical significance and treatment response to 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) regimen in terms of the presence of these mutations remain inconclusive.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the survival outcome and response to FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy based on the presence of four driver mutation genes.

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  • The study introduces a dual-port cell design that helps eliminate pass disturbance in vertical NAND storage by using a special pass gate.
  • It highlights that the unique structure reduces the impact of electric fields during operation, allowing for a "disturb-free" state in NAND strings.
  • The design is compatible with current technology, allowing easy integration into smaller, advanced vertical NAND systems with minimal extra components.
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Background: Glioblastoma (GB) remains a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology, with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) showing limited efficacy in unselected patients. We previously recently established that MAPK/ERK signaling is associated with overall survival following anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 treatment in recurrent GB. However, the causal relationship between MAPK/ERK signaling and susceptibility to ICB, as well as the mechanisms underlying this association, remain poorly understood.

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This study investigates the regulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) with Adenosine Deaminase RNA Specific B2 (ADARB2) enrichment specifically in inhibitory neurons. Using an integrated analysis combining high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, we identified a group of circRNAs that are potentially enhanced by ADARB2. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of ADARB2 in circRNA synthesis within inhibitory neurons, likely through its specific binding to precursor RNAs, which facilitates circRNA biogenesis.

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Amino acid deprivation, particularly of nonessential amino acids that can be synthesized by normal cells but not by cancer cells with specific defects in the biosynthesis pathway, has emerged as a potential strategy in cancer therapeutics. In normal cells, arginine is synthesized from citrulline in two steps via two enzymes: argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) and argininosuccinate lyase. Several cancer cells exhibit arginine auxotrophy due to the loss or down-regulation of ASS1.

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Purpose: Urothelial carcinoma has various molecular subtypes, each with different tumor characteristics. Although it is known that molecular changes occur during tumor progression, little is known about the specifics of these changes. In this study, we performed transcriptional analysis to understand the molecular changes during tumor progression.

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The expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells (TC) is used as an immunotherapy biomarker in lung cancer, but heterogeneous intratumoral expression is often observed. To better understand heterogeneity in the lung cancer tumor microenvironment, we performed proteomic and whole-transcriptomic digital spatial profiling analyses of TCs and immune cells (IC) in spatially matched areas based on tumor PD-L1 expression and the status of the immune microenvironment. We validated our findings using IHC, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and immunotherapy cohorts.

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  • * A proteomic analysis of 31 papillary urothelial lesions uncovered overlapping protein profiles for UP and PUC, with KRT18 identified as a potential diagnostic marker for UP.
  • * The study suggests that KRT18 could help differentiate UP from low-grade PUC, and also noted that some patients with UP may develop urothelial carcinoma later, indicating a risk for malignancy.
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Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. It is recognized as one of the most significant hospital-acquired infections. Although CDI can develop severe complications and spores of Clostridioides difficile can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route, CDI is occasionally overlooked in clinical settings.

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Background: Selecting informative genes or eliminating uninformative ones before any downstream gene expression analysis is a standard task with great impact on the results. A carefully curated gene set significantly enhances the likelihood of identifying meaningful biomarkers.

Method: In contrast to the conventional forward gene search methods that focus on selecting highly informative genes, we propose a backward search method, DenoiseIt, that aims to remove potential outlier genes yielding a robust gene set with reduced noise.

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Background: This study is based on deep mining of Ribo-seq data for the identification of lncRNAs that have highly expressed sORFs in HCC. In this paper, dynamic prospects associated with sORFs acting as newly defined tumor-specific epitopes are discussed with possible improvement in strategies for tumor immunotherapy.

Objective: Using ribosome profiling to identify and characterize sORFs within lncRNAs in HCC, identify potential therapeutic targets and tumor-specific epitopes applicable for immunotherapy.

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Backgruound: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are frequently prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes; however, their cost can pose a significant barrier for those with impaired kidney function. This study aimed to estimate the economic benefits of substituting non-renal dose-adjusted (NRDA) DPP4 inhibitors with renal dose-adjusted (RDA) DPP4 inhibitors in patients with both impaired kidney function and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018, using data obtained from common data models of five medical centers in Korea.

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  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious condition indicating renal toxicity, and current studies on predicting AKI using distributed research networks (DRN) with time series data are limited.
  • The study aimed to identify early AKI occurrences in patients taking nephrotoxic medications by employing an interpretable long short-term memory (LSTM) model using hospital electronic health records from six different institutions.
  • Results showed a significant analysis of 39,655 patients, revealing that vancomycin led to earlier AKI onset compared to other drugs, with the predictive model achieving high accuracy, particularly for acyclovir, which produced an impressive average score of 0.94 in predicting AKI risk.
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  • Glioblastoma is a challenging brain cancer that often resists standard immunotherapy, but Botensilimab, a specialized antibody, has shown potential in treating this type of cancer.
  • In preclinical studies, a mouse version of Botensilimab demonstrated effectiveness when used alone or with doxorubicin combined with ultrasound techniques, leading to significant immune responses in treatment-resistant glioblastoma.
  • Results indicated that this combination therapy not only effectively targeted and reduced tumor-associated immune cells but also fostered a strong infiltration of harmful T cells, achieving a remarkable cure rate in mice and suggesting promising implications for human treatments.
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Objective: Failure to receive prompt blood transfusion leads to severe complications if massive bleeding occurs during surgery. For the timely preparation of blood products, predicting the possibility of massive transfusion (MT) is essential to decrease morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to develop a model for predicting MT 10 min in advance using non-invasive bio-signal waveforms that change in real-time.

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  • Most drugs struggle to effectively treat glioblastoma (GBM) due to limited penetration across the blood-brain barrier, which makes their efficacy low.
  • This study utilizes low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) combined with microbubbles (MB) to temporarily open the blood-brain barrier, significantly increasing the delivery of liposomal doxorubicin and PD-1 blocking antibodies (aPD-1) in both human and animal models.
  • Results show that this method improves drug concentrations, enhances immune responses in cells, and contributes to long-term survival in GBM mouse models, highlighting its potential for improving GBM treatments.
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  • Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and spondylolisthesis (SPL) are similar degenerative spinal conditions that have different recommendations regarding exercise, making it challenging to study the impact of physical activity on them.
  • This study examined the effects of restricted physical activity due to social distancing during the pandemic on healthcare visits and costs for patients with LSS and SPL, comparing data from the pandemic period to pre-pandemic.
  • Results showed a significant decrease in hospital visits for both LSS and SPL patients after the implementation of social distancing, with LSS patients also experiencing a notable reduction in medical costs, while SPL patients did not see a significant change in costs.
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Parkinson's disease (PD) stands as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, and its prevalence continues to rise with the aging global population. Central to the pathophysiology of PD is the specific degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons (mDANs) in the substantia nigra. Consequently, cell replacement therapy (CRT) has emerged as a promising treatment approach, initially supported by various open-label clinical studies employing fetal ventral mesencephalic (fVM) cells.

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Background: Kidney volume is used as a predictive and therapeutic marker for several clinical conditions. However, there is a lack of large-scale studies examining the relationship between kidney volume and various clinicodemographic factors, including kidney function, body composition and physical performance.

Methods: In this observational study, MRI-derived kidney volume measurements from 38 526 UK Biobank participants were analysed.

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The mitogenome sequence of was determined for the first time in the present study. The genome is 15,226 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA). The overall base composition was 28.

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