Machine learning-enhanced assessment of potential probiotics from healthy calves for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea.

Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) remains a significant contributor to calf mortality within the first 3 weeks of life, prompting widespread antibiotic use with associated concerns about antimicrobial resistance and disruption of the calf gut microbiota. Recent research exploring NCD treatments targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis has highlighted probiotic supplementation as a promising and safe strategy for gut homeostasis. However, varying treatment outcomes across studies suggest the need for efficient treatment options.

Drug release profile of phenytoin-loaded starch-based biomaterials incorporating hierarchical microparticles with photothermal effects.

This study aimed to synthesize phenytoin (PHT)-loaded water chestnut starch-based biomaterials and evaluate their drug release kinetics for use in transdermal drug delivery systems for antiepileptic therapy. Hierarchical microparticles (HMPs) extracted from human hair were also used to improve the PHT release efficiency. The physicochemical characteristics of PHT, HMPs, and the prepared biomaterials were evaluated by physical properties, antimicrobial activities, FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, H NMR, and C CPMAS solid-state NMR.

Persistence of Daptomycin-Resistant and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Hospitalized Patients with Underlying Malignancies: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) commonly colonize the gut of individuals with hematologic malignancies or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and may cause bacteremia. In 2012, we identified VRE isolates from patients and patients' rooms and showed transmission networks of highly genetically related daptomycin-resistant (DR)-VRE strains. This is a follow-up study performing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analyses on 82 clinical VRE strains isolated from stools and blood cultures of patients with leukemia and HCT between 2015 and 2019.

A study at the wildlife-livestock interface unveils the potential of feral swine as a reservoir for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli.

Wildlife is known to serve as carriers and sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to their unrestricted movements and behaviors, they can spread antimicrobial resistant bacteria among livestock, humans, and the environment, thereby accelerating the dissemination of AMR. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is one of major concerns threatening human and animal health, yet transmission mechanisms at the wildlife-livestock interface are not well understood.

A genetic and virulence characterization of Brazilian strains of .

() is considered the primary causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic contagious respiratory disease that causes economic losses. Obtaining new pathogenic isolates and studying the genome and virulence factors are necessary. This study performed a complete sequencing analysis of two Brazilian strains, UFV01 and UFV02, aiming to characterize the isolates in terms of the virulence factors and sequence type.

Advancing understanding of microbial biofilms through machine learning-powered studies.

Microbial biofilms are prevalent in various environments and pose significant challenges to food safety and public health. The biofilms formed by pathogens can cause food spoilage, foodborne illness, and infectious diseases, which are difficult to treat due to their enhanced antimicrobial resistance. While the composition and development of biofilms have been widely studied, their profound impact on food, the food industry, and public health has not been sufficiently recapitulated.

Transmission of antibiotic resistance at the wildlife-livestock interface.

Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) are widespread in natural environments, animals (wildlife and livestock), and humans, which has reduced our capacity to control life threatening infectious disease. Yet, little is known about their transmission pathways, especially at the wildlife-livestock interface. This study investigated the potential transmission of ARMs and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) between cattle and wildlife by comparing gut microbiota and ARG profiles of feral swine (Sus scrofa), coyotes (Canis latrans), cattle (Bos taurus), and environmental microbiota.

Evaluating the potential of lignosulfonates and chitosans as alfalfa hay preservatives using in vitro techniques.

Our objectives were to compare the antifungal activity of 5 lignosulfonates, and 2 chitosans against fungi isolated from spoiled hay, and assess the effects of an optimized lignosulfonate, chitosan, and propionic acid (PRP) on high-moisture alfalfa hay. In experiment 1, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of 4 sodium lignosulfonates, 1 magnesium lignosulfonate, 2 chitosans, and PRP (positive control) against Aspergillus amoenus, Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium solitum, and Debaromyces hansenii at pH 4 and 6. Among sodium lignosulfonates, the one from Sappi Ltd.

Biofilm-associated heat resistance of Bacillus cereus spores in vitro and in a food model, Cheonggukjang jjigae.

Bacillus cereus, a foodborne pathogen, is capable of forming spores and biofilms as methods to withstand environmental stresses. These bacterial structures are an issue for food safety as they aid the bacteria survive heat sterilisation processes of foods and food contact surfaces. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the biofilm structure in providing an extra layer of protection to spores against heat treatments.

A novel combination therapy for multidrug resistant pathogens using chitosan nanoparticles loaded with β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest global threats. Particularly, multidrug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogens confer resistance to many commonly used medically important antibiotics, especially beta-lactam antibiotics. Here, we developed an innovative combination approach to therapy for multidrug resistant pathogens by encapsulating cephalosporin antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors with chitosan nanoparticles (CNAIs).

The Gut Microbiota of Newborn Calves and Influence of Potential Probiotics on Reducing Diarrheic Disease by Inhibition of Pathogen Colonization.

Calf diarrhea is one of the most concerning challenges facing both the dairy and beef cattle industry. Maintaining healthy gut microbiota is essential for preventing gastrointestinal disorders. Here, we observed significantly less bacterial richness in the abnormal feces with watery or hemorrhagic morphology compared to the normal solid feces.

Dissemination mechanisms of NDM genes in hospitalized patients.

Background: NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a major clinical concern worldwide. We characterized NDM-positive pathogens isolated from patients and assessed the dissemination patterns of the genes in a hospital setting.

Methods: Eleven NDM-positive Enterobacteriaceae (three , six and two ) were isolated from nine patients over a 1 year period.

sp. nov., isolated from faeces of alpacas () and cattle (), sp. nov., and sp. nov., isolated from respiratory tract of California sea lions ().

Four novel independent strains of spp. were isolated from faeces of alpaca (SL1232), cattle (KCJ4950), and from respiratory tract of wild California sea lions (CSL7508, CSL7591). The strains were indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci in short and long chains, facultative anaerobes.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Burkholderia cepacia Complex Strain Isolated from a Human Intra-abdominal Abscess.

complex (Bcc) bacteria are opportunistic pathogens with high transmissibility and mortality. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a Bcc strain isolated from a deep abscess culture in an immunocompetent patient with no relevant prior medical history.

Host genetics exerts lifelong effects upon hindgut microbiota and its association with bovine growth and immunity.

The gut microbiota is a complex ecological community that plays multiple critical roles within a host. Known intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect gut microbiota structure, but the influence of host genetics is understudied. To investigate the role of host genetics upon the gut microbiota structure, we performed a longitudinal study in which we evaluated the hindgut microbiota and its association with animal growth and immunity across life.

Diverse β-lactam antibiotic-resistant bacteria and microbial community in milk from mastitic cows.

Intramammary bacterial infection, the most common cause of mastitis, is the most costly disease in dairy cattle in the US and reason for antibiotic usage. Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin, is generally used to treat such disease, but it has a high treatment failure rate. Though the reason is not known clearly, it is hypothesized that multiple factors are associated with the treatment failure.

A novel nanohybrid antimicrobial based on chitosan nanoparticles and antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 with low toxicity.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a critical public health concern. Alternatives of antibiotics are needed urgently. Herein, we designed and engineered a new nano-antimicrobial, chitosan nanoparticles (CNs)-antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 (MccJ25) conjugates (CNMs).

Prevalence of Field-Collected House Flies and Stable Flies With Bacteria Displaying Cefotaxime and Multidrug Resistance.

Antibiotic use in livestock accounts for 80% of total antibiotic use in the United States and has been described as the driver for resistance evolution and spread. As clinical infections with multidrug-resistant pathogens are rapidly rising, there remains a missing link between agricultural antibiotic use and its impact on human health. In this study, two species of filth flies from a livestock operation were collected over the course of 11 mo: house flies Musca domestica (L.

Characterization of the Vibriocidal Activity of Chitosan Microparticles: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Cholera Infections.

Due to increasing reports of multidrug-resistant (MDR) O1, the goal of this study was to characterize the in vitro antimicrobial activity of chitosan microparticles (CMs) to evaluate their potential as a novel therapeutic agent for cholera. We examined the antimicrobial activity of CMs against toxigenic O1 using direct enumeration, microscopy, and fluorescence microplate assays. Bacterial viability kinetics were measured with different concentrations of CMs, solution pH, and salt content using a live/dead staining technique.

Uterine infusion of bacteria alters the transcriptome of bovine oocytes.

Postpartum uterine infection reduces fertility in dairy cattle; however, the mechanisms of uterine infection-mediated infertility are unknown. Paradoxically, infection-induced infertility persists after the resolution of disease. Oocytes are a finite resource, which are present at various stages of development during uterine infection.

The Role of as a Key Producer and Fermentation Condition as an Influencing Factor in Tyramine Accumulation in .

The study evaluated the role of in tyramine production and its response to fermentation temperature in a traditional Korean fermented soybean paste, . Tyramine content was detected in retail products at high concentrations exceeding the recommended limit up to a factor of 14. All retail products contained spp.