Low‒Dose Cyclophosphamide Enhances the Tumoricidal Effects of 5-Day Spacing Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy by Boosting Antitumor Immunity.

Purpose: To investigate the potential role of low‒dose cyclophosphamide (Cy) as a radiosensitizer by evaluating its impact on the immune response and the abscopal effect of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) through preclinical models.

Materials And Methods: CT26 tumors (immunologically hot) and 4T1 tumors (immunologically cold), grown in immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient BALB/c‒nude mice, were irradiated with 20 Gy in two fractions with 5‒day spacing followed by intraperitoneal injections of 9 mg/kg Cy every 3 days. Immunological changes in CT26 tumors caused by the treatments were assessed using flow cytometry.

Evaluation of the quality and quantity of artificial intelligence-generated responses about anesthesia and surgery: using ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0.

Introduction: The large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) language model chatbot, Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), is renowned for its ability to provide data quickly and efficiently. This study aimed to assess the medical responses of ChatGPT regarding anesthetic procedures.

Methods: Two anesthesiologist authors selected 30 questions representing inquiries patients might have about surgery and anesthesia.

Current Health Data Standardization Project and Future Directions to Ensure Interoperability in Korea.

Objectives: The need for interoperability at the national level was highlighted in Korea, leading to a consensus on the importance of establishing national standards that align with international technological standards and reflect contemporary needs. This article aims to share insights into the background of the recent national health data standardization policy, the activities of the Health Data Standardization Taskforce, and the future direction of health data standardization in Korea.

Methods: To ensure health data interoperability, the Health Data Standardization Taskforce was jointly organized by the public and private sectors in December 2022.

Association between Preoperative Glucose Dysregulation and Delirium after Non-Cardiac Surgery.

This study aimed to investigate the association between glucose dysregulation and delirium after non-cardiac surgery. Among a total of 203,787 patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery between January 2011 and June 2019 at our institution, we selected 61,805 with available preoperative blood glucose levels within 24 h before surgery. Patients experiencing glucose dysregulation were divided into three groups: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and both.

Association of preoperative blood glucose level with delirium after non-cardiac surgery in diabetic patients.

Background: Hyperglycemia has shown a negative association with cognitive dysfunction. We analyzed patients with high preoperative blood glucose level and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level to determine the prevalence of postoperative delirium.

Methods: We reviewed a database of 23,532 patients with diabetes who underwent non-cardiac surgery.

Survey of Public Attitudes toward the Secondary Use of Public Healthcare Data in Korea.

Objectives: Public healthcare data have become crucial to the advancement of medicine, and recent changes in legal structure on privacy protection have expanded access to these data with pseudonymization. Recent debates on public healthcare data use by private insurance companies have shown large discrepancies in perceptions among the general public, healthcare professionals, private companies, and lawmakers. This study examined public attitudes toward the secondary use of public data, focusing on differences between public and private entities.

Evaluation of the water-equivalent characteristics of the SP34 plastic phantom for film dosimetry in a clinical linear accelerator.

In this study, some confusing points about electron film dosimetry using white polystyrene suggested by international protocols were verified using a clinical linear accelerator (LINAC). According to international protocol recommendations, ionometric measurements and film dosimetry were performed on an SP34 slab phantom at various electron energies. Scaling factor analysis using ionometric measurements yielded a depth scaling factor of 0.

Risk of age older than 65 years for 30-day cardiac complication may be comparable to low-to-moderate risk according to revised cardiac risk index in non-cardiac surgery.

Revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) is widely used for surgical patients without containing age as a risk factor. We investigated age older than 65 years with respect to low-to-moderate risk of RCRI. From January 2011 to June 2019, a total of 203,787 consecutive adult patients underwent non-cardiac surgery at our institution.

Five-Day Spacing of Two Fractionated Ablative Radiotherapies Enhances Antitumor Immunity.

Purpose: This study aimed to enhance tumor control and abscopal effects by applying diverse stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) schedules.

Methods And Materials: FSaII, CT-26, and 4T1 cells were used for tumor growth delay and lung metastases analysis after 1- or 5-day intervals radiation therapy (RT) with 40, 20, and 20 Gy, respectively. Immunodeficient BALB/c-nude, immunocompetent C3H, and BALB/c mouse models were used.

Antiplatelet therapy and long-term mortality in patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery.

Backgrounds: Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) has recently been accepted as a common complication associated with increased mortality. However, little is known about the treatment of MINS. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between antiplatelet therapy and long-term mortality after MINS.

Perioperative adverse cardiac events and mortality after non-cardiac surgery: a multicenter study.

Background: Perioperative adverse cardiac events (PACE), a composite of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, congestive heart failure, arrhythmic attack, acute pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, and stroke during 30-day postoperative period, is associated with long-term mortality, but with limited clinical evidence. We compared long-term mortality with PACE using data from nationwide multicenter electronic health records.

Methods: Data from 7 hospitals, converted to Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model, were used.

Machine learning-based prediction model for postoperative delirium in non-cardiac surgery.

Background: Postoperative delirium is a common complication that is distressing. This study aimed to demonstrate a prediction model for delirium.

Methods: Among 203,374undergoing non-cardiac surgery between January 2011 and June 2019 at Samsung Medical Center, 2,865 (1.

Sex differences in myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery and postoperative mortality.

Background: Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) has recently been accepted as a predictor of mortality. However, sex differences in the incidence of MINS and survival thereafter are not fully understood. This study aimed to compare the incidence of MINS and mortality among male and female patients.

Association between inflammation-based prognostic markers and mortality of non-cardiac surgery.

Background: To evaluate the association between inflammation and nutrition-based biomarkers and postoperative outcomes after non-cardiac surgery.

Methods: Between January 2011 and June 2019, a total of 102,052 patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery were evaluated, with C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and complete blood count (CBC) measured within six months before surgery. We assessed their CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS).

Association between cardiac troponin testing at scheduled admission and mortality in patients with comorbidities.

Background: Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a gold-standard biomarker for detecting myocardial infarction. Recently, the prognostic role of cTnI was reported for stable coronary artery disease and other chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of cTnI testing at scheduled admission of patients with comorbidities.

Prediction model for postoperative atrial fibrillation in non-cardiac surgery using machine learning.

Some patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after non-cardiac surgery need treatment, and a predictive model for these patients is clinically useful. Here, we developed a predictive model for POAF in non-cardiac surgery based on machine learning techniques. In a total of 201,864 patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery between January 2011 and June 2019 at our institution, 5,725 (2.

Prediction model for myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery using machine learning.

Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is strongly associated with postoperative outcomes. We developed a prediction model for MINS and have provided it online. Between January 2010 and June 2019, a total of 6811 patients underwent non-cardiac surgery with normal preoperative level of cardiac troponin (cTn).

Clinical utilization of radiation therapy in Korea between 2017 and 2019.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical infrastructure and utilization of radiotherapy (RT) services in Korea between 2017 and 2019.

Materials And Methods: We extracted the data of patients who underwent RT between 2017 and 2019 from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We further analyzed this data according to the diagnosis and treatment modalities of patients diagnosed with International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD-10) diagnostic codes C00-C97 and D00-D48.

Preoperative left atrial volume index may be associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation in non-cardiac surgery.

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is related to mortality after non-cardiac surgery. Left atrial volume index (LAVI) is known to be associated with prognosis and development of atrial fibrillation, but it has not been fully investigated in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Materials And Methods: A total of 203,787 consecutive adult patients underwent non-cardiac surgery at our institution between January 2011 and June 2019.

Prediction Model for 30-Day Mortality after Non-Cardiac Surgery Using Machine-Learning Techniques Based on Preoperative Evaluation of Electronic Medical Records.

Background: Machine-learning techniques are useful for creating prediction models in clinical practice. This study aimed to construct a prediction model of postoperative 30-day mortality based on an automatically extracted electronic preoperative evaluation sheet.

Methods: We used data from 276,341 consecutive adult patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery between January 2011 and December 2020 at a tertiary center for model development and internal validation, and another dataset from 63,384 patients between January 2011 and October 2021 at another center for external validation.

Association between Mortality and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score during a Short Stay in the Intensive Care Unit after Non-Cardiac Surgery.

Background: The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score has been validated in various clinical situations. However, it has not been investigated during a short stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to evaluate the association between the SOFA score and outcomes in patients who were monitored for less than one day after non-cardiac surgery.