Weissella koreensis and Pediococcus pentosaceus bacterial ghosts induce inflammatory responses as immunostimulants.

In this study, bacterial ghosts (BGs) were generated from Weissella koreensis LKS42 (WKorGs) and Pediococcus pentosacues KA94 (PPGs) by chemically inducing lysis using substances such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), n-butanol, and C6H8O7. HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs exhibited complete removal of DNA and displayed transverse membrane dissolution tunnel structures under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell viability assays showed high viability of RAW 264.

Hydrochloric acid-treated ghosts induce IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in murine macrophage.

Background: Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes commonly generated using Gram-negative bacteria; they represent a potential platform for efficient adjuvant and vaccine delivery systems. However, the efficient production of BGs from bacteria in a short period of time is challenging.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of producing BGs in the Gram-positive using various chemicals, and the potential application of BGs as a novel immunomodulatory agent.

DNA Barcoding of the Korean Lymantria Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) for Quarantine Inspection.

DNA barcoding and morphological analyses of Korean Lymantria (Erebidae, Lepidoptera) were conducted for quarantine inspection. In DNA barcoding, Lymantria dispar identified through quarantine inspection was distinguished as three species, L. dispar asiatica, L.

Downregulation of immune response by the human cytokines Interleukin-32alpha and beta in cell-mediated rejection.

Xenotransplantation of porcine organs has the potential to help overcome the severe shortage of human tissues and organs available for human transplantation. However, numerous hurdles such as immune-mediated xenograft rejection remain before clinical xenotransplantation. In this study, we elucidated the role of human TNF-alpha-inducing factor, Interleukin-32 (IL-32), in porcine kidney cells (PK-15) during cell-mediated rejection by examining host cell responses.