Integrative proteomic network analyses support depot-specific roles for leucine rich repeat LGI family member 3 in adipose tissues.

LGI family member 3 (LGI3) is a member of the LGI protein family. In our previous studies, LGI3 was determined to be expressed in adipose tissues, skin and the brain, where it served as a pleiotropic cytokine. The results indicated that LGI3 levels are increased in adipose tissues of obese individuals in comparison with control individuals and that LGI3 suppressed adipogenesis via its receptor, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 23.

Efficacy of horse oil on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human keratinocyte.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of horse oil on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes.

Methods: Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and IκBα. ELISA was used to analyze prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels.

LGI3 is secreted and binds to ADAM22 via TRIF-dependent NF-κB pathway in response to LPS in human keratinocytes.

Recently, we reported that HaCaT human keratinocytes secreted leucine-rich repeat LGI family member 3 (LGI3) protein after exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether LGI3 is also released in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), membrane components of gram-negative bacteria. Our results showed that LGI3 was indeed secreted by LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells.

LGI3 promotes human keratinocyte differentiation via the Akt pathway.

Leucine-rich repeat LGI family member 3 (LGI3), a member of the LGI family, is a secreted protein that is expressed not only in the brain and adipose tissues, but also in various skin cells. We previously reported that LGI3 was secreted after exposure to ultraviolet B and promoted the migration of HaCaT human keratinocytes. In the present study, we investigated whether LGI3 influences the differentiation of keratinocytes.

Laminin peptide YIGSR enhances epidermal development of skin equivalents.

Since the use of animal experimentation is restricted with regard to cosmetic materials, alternative in vitro models such as skin equivalents (SEs) are needed. Laminin is one of the major non-collagenous glycoproteins. The pentapeptide YIGSR (Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg) is a functional motif of laminin that binds to the laminin receptor.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3: Integrative analyses reveal its potential prognostic role in cancer.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 (LGI3) is a secreted protein in vertebrates, which belongs to the LGI family. In our previous study, LGI3 was found to be expressed in brain, adipose tissues and the skin, where it functions as a multifunctional cytokine. In the present study, we used bioinformatic tools to perform data mining, phylogenetics and prognostic association analysis to investigate the prognostic role of LGI3 in cancers.

Avian Collagen Is Useful for the Construction of Skin Equivalents.

As a result of restrictions on animal experimentation, improved skin equivalents (SEs) are needed as alternative test models. This work investigated the effects of avian collagen on the construction of SEs, and to the best of our knowledge is the first study to do so. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the SEs.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3: Integrative analyses support its role in the cytokine network.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated (LGI)3 is a secreted protein member of LGI family. We previously repo-rted that LGI3 was upregulated in adipose tissues from obese mice and suppressed adipogenesis through its receptor, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 23 (ADAM23). We demonstrated that LGI3 regulated tumor necrosis factor-α and adiponectin, and proposed that LGI3 may be a pro-inflammatory adipokine involved in adipose tissue inflammation.

Geranylgeranylacetone induces apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in human melanoma cells.

The aim of this study was to test the anti-cancer effects of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), an isoprenoid compound, on human melanoma cells. Human melanoma cell lines G361, SK-MEL-2, and SK-MEL-5 were treated with GGA at various doses (1-100μM). Cell viability was measured by crystal violet assay.

The DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine decreases melanin synthesis by inhibiting CREB phosphorylation.

Here we examined the effects of a DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, on melanogenesis in Mel-Ab cells. We found that 5-azacytidine decreased the melanin content and tyrosinase activity in these cells in a dose-dependent manner; importantly, 5-azacytidine was not cytotoxic at the concentrations used in these experiments. On the other hand, 5-azacytidine did not affect tyrosinase activity in a cell-free system, indicating that 5-azacytidine is not a direct tyrosinase inhibitor.

Methyl gallate from Acer barbinerve decreases melanin synthesis in Mel-Ab cells.

Methyl gallate (MG) was isolated from the bark of Acer barbinerve, which has traditionally been used in Oriental medicine. In the present study, we examined the effects of MG on melanin synthesis in Mel-Ab melanocyte cells. MG decreased melanin pigmentation in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not directly inhibit tyrosinase activity.

Baicalin-induced Akt activation decreases melanogenesis through downregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase.

Scutellaria baicalensis has been used topically to treat inflammatory skin diseases in traditional East Asian medicine. Because post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the skin is difficult to manage, we investigated the effects of baicalin, a major component of S. baicalensis, on melanin synthesis in Mel-Ab cells.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 and tumor necrosis factor-α regulate mutually through NF-κB.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 (LGI3) is a secreted protein member of LGI family. We previously reported that LGI3 increased in obese adipose tissues and suppressed adipogenesis through its receptor, ADAM23. We proposed that LGI3 may be a pro-inflammatory adipokine secreted predominantly by preadipocytes and macrophages.

ERK Activation by Fucoidan Leads to Inhibition of Melanogenesis in Mel-Ab Cells.

Fucoidan, a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed in the class Phaeophyceae, has been widely studied for its possible health benefits. However, the potential of fucoidan as a possible treatment for hyperpigmentation is not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of fucoidan on melanogenesis and related signaling pathways using Mel-Ab cells.

Fucoidan promotes the reconstruction of skin equivalents.

In this study we investigated the effects of fucoidan on the proliferation of fibroblasts and the reconstruction of a skin equivalent (SE). Fucoidan significantly stimulated the proliferation of CCD-25Sk human fibroblasts and Western blot analysis demonstrated that fucoidan markedly increased the expression of cyclin D1 and decreased the expression of p27. Fucoidan was used to reconstruct SE.

KHG26792 Inhibits Melanin Synthesis in Mel-Ab Cells and a Skin Equivalent Model.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the effects of KHG26792 (3-(naphthalen-2-yl(propoxy) methyl)azetidine hydrochloride), a potential skin whitening agent, on melanin synthesis and identify the underlying mechanism of action. Our data showed that KHG26792 significantly reduced melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, KHG26792 downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanogenesis, although tyrosinase was not inhibited directly.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 is a melanogenic cytokine in human skin.

Recently, we demonstrated that leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 (LGI3) is expressed in human skin. However, the effects of LGI3 on melanocytes remain unknown. The present study demonstrated that LGI3 can serve to stimulate melanogenesis without affecting cell viability.

Myriocin, a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, increases melanin synthesis in Mel-Ab cells and a skin equivalent model.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of myriocin, an inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, on melanogenesis. It was found that myriocin increased melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, myriocin up-regulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression via phosphorylation of CREB, but it did not directly activate tyrosinase, a rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme.

Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits melanin synthesis in murine melanoma cells in vitro through increasing tyrosinase degradation.

Aim: To investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on melanin synthesis and related regulatory mechanisms.

Methods: B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were exposed to DHA for 3 d, and melanin content and tyrosinase activity were measured. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the protein levels in DHA-mediated signal transduction pathways.

Menadione (Vitamin K3) decreases melanin synthesis through ERK activation in Mel-Ab cells.

Menadione is a synthetic vitamin K3 derivative. Here, we examined the effects of menadione on melanogenesis and its related signaling pathways. Our results showed that melanin content was significantly reduced after menadione treatment in a dose-dependent manner.

Okadaic acid suppresses melanogenesis via proteasomal degradation of tyrosinase.

Okadaic acid is a C38 fatty acid derivative that is known to specifically inhibit the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Previously, we reported that inhibition of PP2A by okadaic acid elicited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, and that PP2A may be involved in melanogenesis. However, the effects of okadaic acid on melanogenesis have not been completely evaluated.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 promotes HaCaT keratinocyte migration.

Our finding that human skin expresses leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 (LGI3) raises the question of the function of this cytokine in keratinocytes. We have shown that LGI3 stimulates human HaCaT keratinocyte migration without affecting viability or proliferation. Western blot analysis showed that LGI3 induced focal adhesion kinase activation, Akt phosphorylation, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation in these cells.

Geranylgeranylacetone inhibits melanin synthesis via ERK activation in Mel-Ab cells.

Aims: Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) has shown cytoprotective activity through induction of a 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70). Although HSP70 is reported to regulate melanogenesis, the effects of GGA on melanin synthesis in melanocytes have not been previously studied. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of GGA on melanogenesis and the related signaling pathways.

Hypopigmentary effects of ethyl P-methoxycinnamate isolated from Kaempferia galanga.

We isolated crystals from the chloroform fraction of an ethanol extract of Kaempferia galanga and identified it as ethyl p-methoxycinnamate through nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. In the present study, we found that ethyl p-methoxycinnamate significantly decreased melanin synthesis in B16F10 murine melanoma cells stimulated with α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). In a cell-free system, however, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate did not directly inhibit tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme of melanogenesis.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 associates negatively with adiponectin.

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 (LGI3) is a secreted protein member of LGI/epitempin family. We previously reported that LGI3 was expressed in adipose tissues and suppressed adipogenesis through its receptor, ADAM23. We proposed that LGI3 may be a candidate adipokine with pro-inflammatory activity.