Predictive Values of Procalcitonin and Presepsin for Acute Kidney Injury and 30-Day Hospital Mortality in Patients with COVID-19.

: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the values of procalcitonin (PCT) and presepsin (PSS) for predicting AKI and 30-day hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. : We retrospectively evaluated 151 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the hospital via the emergency department.

Prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width in predicting 3-month functional outcome of patients undergoing thrombolysis treatment for acute ischemic stroke.

This study was performed to determine whether red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with 3-month poor functional outcome in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke.RDW was measured in patients with thrombolytic therapy in emergency department. Functional outcome was assessed after 3 months and poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale 3 to 6.

Case of cardiac arrest due to carbon dioxide poisoning following an explosion of a carbon dioxide tank.

Carbon dioxide is widely used for a variety of purposes. As it is a normal constituent of air, the public generally regards it as safe. Although low concentrations of carbon dioxide are not harmful to human beings, high concentrations are toxic, and can cause serious harm, including cardiac arrest.

Serum Lactate Could Predict Mortality in Patients With Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Emergency Department.

Serum lactate is a useful biomarker for prediction of mortality in critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to identify if serum lactate could be used as a biomarker for predicting mortality in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the emergency department. This retrospective study enrolled 189 patients.

Efficacy of Amflow®, a Real-Time-Portable Feedback Device for Delivering Appropriate Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomised, Controlled, Cross-Over Simulation Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether Amflow® (a newly designed portable ventilation feedback device) can assist rescuers in delivering target tidal volume ( ) and respiration rate (RR) during self-inflating bag (SB) ventilations in various clinical scenarios.

Method: This was a simulation study with a prospective cross-over design. A total of 40 trained participants who underwent training for SB ventilation were recruited.

How much experience do rescuers require to achieve successful tracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

Aim: The cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend that endotracheal intubation (ETI) should be performed only by highly skilled rescuers. However, the definition of 'highly skilled' is unclear. This study evaluated how much experience with ETI is required for rescuers to perform successful ETI quickly without complications including serious chest compression interruption (interruption time <10 s) or oesophageal intubation during CPR.

Red cell distribution width as a novel marker for predicting high-risk from upper gastro-intestinal bleeding patients.

Background: In upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) patients, early risk stratification allows appropriate therapy that may be helpful for reducing morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: to evaluate the efficacy of red-cell distribution width (RDW) for prediction of high-risk in UGIB patients.

Methods: We conducted a clinical retrospective observational study based on data for UGIB patients from 2012 to 2013.

Efficacy of various types of laryngoscope (direct, Pentax Airway Scope and GlideScope) for endotracheal intubation in various cervical immobilisation scenarios: a randomised cross-over simulation study.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of direct laryngoscopy (DL), Pentax Airway Scope (PAWS) and GlideScope video laryngoscope (GVL) systems for endotracheal intubation (ETI) in various cervical immobilisation scenarios: manual in-line stabilisation (MILS), Philadelphia neck collar (PNC) (moderate limit of mouth opening) and Stifneck collar (SNC) (severe limit of mouth opening).

Design: Randomised cross-over simulation study.

Setting And Participants: 35 physicians who had >30 successful ETI experiences at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea.

Usefulness of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration for predicting the severity and mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Background: The usefulness of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentration for predicting the outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is unclear. We evaluated the prognostic value of plasma NGAL concentration for predicting disease severity in comparison with other widely used biological markers of inflammation in patients with CAP.

Methods: NGAL, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured in 362 patients with CAP, who were followed for up to 30days.

Serum Procalcitonin: An Independent Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Health Care-Associated Pneumonia.

Background: Early prediction of the clinical outcomes for health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) patients is challenging.

Objectives: This is the first study to evaluate procalcitonin (PCT) as a predictor of outcomes in HCAP patients.

Methods: We conducted an observational study based on data for HCAP patients prospectively collected between 2011 and 2014.

The Preventive Effect of Head Injury by Helmet Type in Motorcycle Crashes: A Rural Korean Single-Center Observational Study.

Introduction. The goal of this study was to determine the preventive effect on head injury by helmet type: full face helmet (FFH), open face helmet (OFH), and half-coverage helmet (HCH). Methods.

Video laryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy: Which should be chosen for endotracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation? A prospective randomized controlled study of experienced intubators.

Aim: This study compared endotracheal intubation (ETI) performance during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) between direct laryngoscopy (DL) and video laryngoscopy (VL) (GlideScope(®)) by experienced intubators (>50 successful ETIs).

Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled study conducted in an emergency department between 2011 and 2013. Intubators who used DL or VL were randomly allocated to ETI during CPR.

Improvement in Trainees' Attitude and Resuscitation Quality With Repeated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training: Cross-Sectional Simulation Study.

Introduction: This study investigated the effect of increasing numbers of training sessions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on trainees' attitude and CPR quality.

Methods: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for hospital employees was held every year from 2006 to 2010. Participants were recruited among the trainees in 2010.

Value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in predicting the mortality of patients with sepsis at the emergency department.

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the emergency department. This study aimed to evaluate the assessment of severity of sepsis by and prognostic value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) compared with other widely used biological markers of inflammation in patients with sepsis.

Methods: NGAL, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein values were measured in 470 patients with suspected sepsis, and the Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) score was obtained for all enrolled subjects, who were followed for up to 28days.

Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Renal Colic in Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of renal colic in Korea.

Materials And Methods: Forty-six participating emergency departments provide their essential informa­tion to the National Emergency Medical Center. We extracted the National Emergency Department Informa­tion System data from January to December 2010.

Effects of combination therapy of docetaxel with selenium on the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7.

Purpose: The anticancer property and cytoprotective role of selenium in chemotherapy have been reported. However, the combination effects of selenium on chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer have not yet been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of selenium on chemotherapy using docetaxel on breast cancer cell lines.

Video laryngoscopy improves the first-attempt success in endotracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation among novice physicians.

Aim: To compare the first-attempt success in endotracheal intubation (ETI) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using direct laryngoscopy (DL) and video laryngoscopy (VL) (GlideScope(®)) among novice emergency physicians (EPs).

Methods: This study is a historically controlled clinical design. From May 2011 to April 2013 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients were intubated during CPR by novice EPs.

Feasibility of the video-laryngoscope (GlideScope®) for endotracheal intubation during uninterrupted chest compressions in actual advanced life support: a clinical observational study in an urban emergency department.

Aim: This is the first clinical trial to evaluate whether successful endotracheal intubation (ETI) using a video-laryngoscope (VL) (GlideScope(®)) can be performed easily without chest compression interruptions during actual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after brief VL training, regardless of the physicians' levels of experience with successful ETI in the past.

Methods: We performed a prospective, clinical observation study. After completing a brief 1-h VL training, 14 emergency physicians intubated arrest victims using a VL during CPR in the emergency department for a period of 1 year.

Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as early biomarker for acute kidney injury in burn patients.

This study evaluated whether measurements of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) can predict acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult burn patients, and assessed the use of this biomarker in risk stratification. We performed a prospective observational study of consecutive patients with major burns admitted to the burn center within 12 hours of injury. Samples for plasma NGAL assay were obtained three times (at admission, day 3, and day 7).

Hypoxia potentiates allergen induction of HIF-1α, chemokines, airway inflammation, TGF-β1, and airway remodeling in a mouse model.

Whether hypoxia contributes to airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma is unknown. In this study we used mice exposed to a hypoxic environment during allergen challenge (simulating hypoxia during an asthma exacerbation) to investigate the contribution of hypoxia to airway inflammation and remodeling. Although neither hypoxia alone, nor OVA allergen alone, induced significant neutrophil influx into the lung, the combination of OVA and hypoxia induced a synergistic 27 fold increase in peribronchial neutrophils, enhanced expression of HIF-1α and one of its target genes, the CXC-family neutrophil chemokine KC.

A clinical observational study analysing the factors associated with hyperventilation during actual cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department.

Aim: This is the first study to identify the factors associated with hyperventilation during actual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: All CPR events in the ED were recorded by video from April 2011 to December 2011. The following variables were analysed using review of the recorded CPR data: ventilation rate (VR) during each minute and its associated factors including provider factors (experience, advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) certification), clinical factors (auscultation to confirm successful intubation, suctioning, and comments by the team leader) and time factors (time or day of CPR).

A simple audio-visual prompt device can improve CPR performance.

Background: An adjunct to assist cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) might improve the quality of CPR performance.

Study Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate whether a simple audio-visual prompt device improves CPR performance by emergency medical technicians (EMTs).

Methods: From June 2008 to October 2008, 55 EMTs (39 men, mean age 34.