Ethanol Ablation of the Thyroid Nodules: 2018 Consensus Statement by the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology.

Minimally invasive treatment of symptomatic thyroid nodules is now commonplace. Ethanol ablation (EA) of thyroid cystic nodules has been performed since the 1990s, but there is no global consensus or guideline. Although various limitations of EA have been described, recommendations for practical application are necessary.

2017 Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation Guideline: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology.

Thermal ablation using radiofrequency is a new, minimally invasive modality employed as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers. The Task Force Committee of the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) developed recommendations for the optimal use of radiofrequency ablation for thyroid tumors in 2012. As new meaningful evidences have accumulated, KSThR decided to revise the guidelines.

Core Needle Biopsy of the Thyroid: 2016 Consensus Statement and Recommendations from Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology.

Core needle biopsy (CNB) has been suggested as a complementary diagnostic method to fine-needle aspiration in patients with thyroid nodules. Many recent CNB studies have suggested a more advanced role for CNB, but there are still no guidelines on its use. Therefore, the Task Force Committee of the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology has developed the present consensus statement and recommendations for the role of CNB in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Comparison of computed tomography features between follicular neoplasm and nodular hyperplasia.

Background: To date, appropriate management for Bethesda IV thyroid nodules is controversial, and no specific features of follicular neoplasm and nodular hyperplasia on ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), or other imaging modalities have been reported. This study aimed to compare CT features of follicular neoplasm and nodular hyperplasia and to determine the specific CT features that could be used to distinguish follicular neoplasm from nodular hyperplasia.

Methods: In 122 patients who underwent preoperative CT of the neck and thyroid surgery, 59 follicular neoplasms and 65 nodular hyperplasias were included.

Role of Real-Time Elastography in the Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Patients with Kikuchi Disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare the use of conventional ultrasound (US) and real-time elastography (RTE) in Kikuchi disease (KD, n = 48) and malignant cervical lymphadenopathy (n = 100) and to evaluate the role of RTE in patients suspected of having KD. In univariate analysis, conventional US revealed each benign feature more frequently in KD than in malignant lymphadenopathy (p < 0.05).

Cervical Lymph Node Imaging Reporting and Data System for Ultrasound of Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Pilot Study.

Objective: The objective of our study was to compare ultrasound (US) and real-time elastography (RTE) features of benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathies and propose a structured reporting system for lymph nodes.

Materials And Methods: The study population for this retrospective study consisted of 291 consecutive patients who underwent US-guided biopsies for cervical lymphadenopathy between 2013 and 2014. The following imaging features were analyzed: shape, margin, echogenicity, echogenic hilum, gross necrosis, calcification, matting, intranodal vascular pattern, elasticity scores (four categories), and strain ratio.

Clinical implications of ultrasound artifacts in the cervicofacial area following injection of permanent facial fillers.

Purpose: To evaluate ultrasound (US) findings in the cervicofacial area following injection of permanent facial fillers during a long-term follow-up period.

Methods: Fifty-seven consecutive patients with a history of previous facial filler injection were enrolled at a single institution between 2010 and 2014. All patients were female, and the mean age of the patients was 60.

Gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic features of complex fibroadenomas of the breast.

Purpose: To investigate gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic (US) features of complex fibroadenoma (FA), according to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon.

Methods: From 2010 through 2013, 586 women with FAs were seen; 101 (17%) of those lesions were diagnosed as complex FAs on percutaneous needle biopsy or surgery. Among the patients with complex FAs, 67 who had US examination results available were included in this study.

Diffusion-weighted imaging for evaluating lymph node eradication after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Background: As lymph node (LN) eradication is the prerequisite for clinical surveillance or local excision for patients who have achieved a complete response after preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT), the radiological evaluation of LN eradication is important.

Purpose: To evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the evaluation of LN eradication after CRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Material And Methods: Ninety-five consecutive patients (64 men, 31 women; mean age, 59 years; range, 32-82 years) who underwent pre- and post-CRT 1.

Apparent diffusion coefficient for lymph node characterization after chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Background: Because further treatment plans depends on lymph node (LN) status after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT), the accurate characterization of LN is important.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for LN characterization after CRT and to compare the performance with that of LN size.

Material And Methods: Fifty-three patients (36 men, 17 women; mean age, 58 years; age range, 34-79 years) who underwent CRT and subsequent surgery were included.

Real-time elastography of cervical lymph nodes in Kikuchi disease.

We report, to our knowledge, the first cases of sonographic and real-time elastographic findings of cervical lymph nodes in patients with Kikuchi disease. Cervical lymph nodes had probably benign findings on grayscale sonography and real-time elastography.

Sonographic appearances of juvenile fibroadenoma of the breast.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate characteristic features of juvenile fibroadenoma of the breast on sonography.

Methods: Our study included 34 juvenile fibroadenomas confirmed by surgical biopsy or sonographically guided 8-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy in 23 patients (age range, 15-47 years; mean age, 25 years). Sonographic findings of the lesions were analyzed retrospectively by 2 radiologists in consensus according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon.

Detection of an accidentally implanted wooden foreign body using CT: case report and literature review.

Regardless of advancement in imaging techniques, the recognition of vegetative foreign bodies in the abdomen remains a difficult task. Simple radiography and computed tomography will ignore radiolucent foreign bodies. Here, we report the case of a 34-year-old man with a penetrating injury to the abdomen caused by a radiolucent wooden foreign body that was not initially detected.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma with predominantly cystic formation presenting initially with multiple distant metastases.

Primary malignancies presenting with multiple distant metastases include lung cancer, gastrointestinal malignancy, breast cancer, and prostatic cancer. Multiple distant metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) are uncommon. Cystic formation in FTC is an atypical finding in ultrasonography.

Atypia of undetermined significance in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology: prediction of malignancy by US and comparison of methods for further management.

Background: Further management for thyroid nodules with cytological atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) has made controversial conclusions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the most reliable ultrasonography (US) findings to predict malignancy in thyroid nodules with AUS, and to compare inconclusive rates of repeat fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in nodules with AUS.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of thyroid nodules with AUS from 8,421 US-guided fine-needle aspirations in our institution between 2010 and 2012.

Incidence and predictive factors of inadequate fine-needle aspirates for BRAF(V600E) mutation analysis in thyroid nodules.

Objective: BRAF(V600E) mutation (valine-to-glutamate substitution at residue 600 of the B-type Raf kinase gene) analysis from thyroid aspirates is increasingly used as a prognostic or diagnostic marker. However, it is limited under some conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and predictive factors of thyroid nodules with specimens inadequate for BRAF(V600E) mutation analysis.

Predictive factors of malignancy in patients with cytologically suspicious for Hurthle cell neoplasm of thyroid nodules.

Background: Our aim was to evaluate predictive factors of malignancy in patients with cytologically suspicious for Hurthle cell neoplasm (HCN) of thyroid nodules.

Materials And Methods: We searched cases with cytologically suspicious for HCN from 11,569 ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations (US-FNA) performed at our institution. Nodules that were confirmed surgically or followed-up for at least 2 years were compared with respect to age, gender, tumor size, US diagnosis, and US findings to predict malignancy.

Slot-scan digital radiography of the lower extremities: a comparison to computed radiography with respect to image quality and radiation dose.

Objective: To compare the slot-scan digital radiography (SSDR) of the lower extremity region and the computed radiography (CR) method with respect to the image quality and radiation exposure.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 54 patients who underwent both the SSDR and CR of the lower extremities. The study evaluated and statistically compared the image quality of four features (outer cortex, inner cortex, trabeculae and intermuscular fat) at six different levels (pelvis, hip, femur, knee, tibia and ankle) between each method.

Solid or partly solid solitary pulmonary nodules: their characterization using contrast wash-in and morphologic features at helical CT.

Background: Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) evaluation based on analyses of combined wash-in (WI) and washout (WO) values obtained by helical dynamic CT (HDCT) scanning is useful for malignant SPN characterization, because this method has higher specificity and accuracy than that based on analyses of WI values only. However, increased specificity results in reduced sensitivity and the missing of malignant SPNs. Thus, the purpose of this study was to seek the most effective method for SPN characterization during HDCT scanning.