Electrochemical Synthesis of Graphene/MnO2 Nano-Composite for Application to Supercapacitor Electrode.

Graphene/MnO2 nano-composite was electrochemically synthesized for application to an electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors. The nanosized needle-like MnO2 was obtained by use of a graphene substrate. The prepared composite exhibited an ideal supercapacitive behavior.

Tuning the Fermi level with topological phase transition by internal strain in a topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin film.

In a three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3, a stress control for band gap manipulation was predicted but no systematic investigation has been performed yet due to the requirement of large external stress. We report herein on the strain-dependent results for Bi2Se3 films of various thicknesses that are grown via a self-organized ordering process. Using small angle X-ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy, the changes of d-spacings in the crystal structure and phonon vibration shifts resulted from stress are clearly observed when the film thickness is below ten quintuple layers.

Evolution of the surface state in Bi2Se2Te thin films during phase transition.

Topological insulators, a new quantum state of matter, have created exciting opportunities for studies in topological quantum physics and for exploring spintronics applications due to their gapless helical metallic surface states. In this study, thin films composed of alternate layers of Bi and Se (Te) ({Bi(3 Ã…)Te(9 Ã…)}n/{Bi(3 Ã…)Se(9 Ã…)}n) were fabricated by controlling the layer thickness within the atomic scale using thermal evaporation techniques. The high-purity growth of uniform Bi2Se2Te1 thin films has not yet been achieved using a thermal evaporation method.

Terahertz single conductance quantum and topological phase transitions in topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ ultrathin films.

Strong spin-orbit interaction and time-reversal symmetry in topological insulators generate novel quantum states called topological surface states. Their study provides unique opportunities to explore exotic phenomena such as spin Hall effects and topological phase transitions, relevant to the development of quantum devices for spintronics and quantum computation. Although ultrahigh-vacuum surface probes can identify individual topological surface states, standard electrical and optical experiments have so far been hampered by the interference of bulk and quantum well states.

Epidemiology and genetics of hypodontia and microdontia: a study of twin families.

Objective: To identify genetic and environmental factors contributing to hypodontia and microdontia by using Korean twin family data.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1267 individuals (525 men and 742 women; 180 monozygotic twins [MZ] and 43 dizygotic twins [DZ] from 282 families) underwent an oral examination as part of the Healthy Twin Study in Korea. Dental anomalies classified as hypodontia or microdontia were diagnosed using radiographs and clinical examinations.

Variation block-based genomics method for crop plants.

Background: In contrast with wild species, cultivated crop genomes consist of reshuffled recombination blocks, which occurred by crossing and selection processes. Accordingly, recombination block-based genomics analysis can be an effective approach for the screening of target loci for agricultural traits.

Results: We propose the variation block method, which is a three-step process for recombination block detection and comparison.

Antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in germinating seeds of transgenic soybean expressing OsHGGT.

Tocochromanols are potent lipid-soluble antioxidants and essential nutrients for human health. Genetic engineering techniques were used to develop soybeans with enhanced vitamin E levels, including tocotrienols, which are not found in soybean. The gene encoding rice homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) was overexpressed in soybeans using seed-specific and constitutive promoters.

Electronic structure of Te/Sb/Ge and Sb/Te/Ge multi layer films using photoelectron spectroscopy.

Te/Sb/Ge and Sb/Te/Ge multilayer films with an atomically controlled interface were synthesized using effusion cell and e-beam techniques. The layers interacted during the deposition, resulting in films composed of Sb-Te+Sb-Sb/Ge and Sb/Sb-Te/Ge-Te/Ge respectively. Atomic diffusion and chemical reactions in films during the annealing process were investigated by photoemission spectroscopy.